Author: hedwig

BSE : 3.8/4.8/2/7.3

Chapter 8: Report text on technology and Noun Clause

Basic Competence

3.8 membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsu rkebahasaan beberapa teks report lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait teknologi yang tercakup dalam mata pelajaran lain di Kelas X sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya

4.8 teks report

4.8.1 menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks report lisan dan tulis, terkait teknologi yang tercakup dalam mata pelajaran lain di Kelas X

4.8.2 menyusun teks report lisan dan tulis, terkait teknologi yang tercakup dalam mata pelajaran lain di Kelas X, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks

Learning purpose

In this chapter, you will learn about Report texts on technology. Surely, you will have to understand the proper grammatical structure you can find in the sentences.  Practicing how to compose a report text by using proper grammatical structures is needed to enhance your understanding on the social function and structure of the report text.

Learning process

GENERAL INSTRUCTION: You must ensure that you understand the material step by step. At the end, there will be an evaluation to test your level of understanding on the material. When your level is above the passing score, you may continue to the next material. Before you ask for the evaluation, please ensure yourself that you have already mastered the whole material in this chapter. 

BEFORE LEARNING

Answer the questions below!

1. What is technology?
2. Mention kinds of technology you are familiar with.

You can learn a lot about technology by reading a lot. The four texts below will give you understanding about technology as well as the genre of the texts, that is Report text.

ACTIVITY ONE

Here are four texts to be discussed in groups! One group discusses one text. Present the result of the discussion in front of the class! You may add some information relating to the text. The questions below each text may help you understand the text well.

Text One

Applications can be divided into three categories based on how they are developed and distributed. Commercial applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, and general-purpose Database management Systems (DBmS) are developed by companies specializing in such software and distributed to a variety of businesses and individual users. Niche or specialized applications (such as hospital billing systems) are designed for and marketed to a particular industry. These programs tend to be much more expensive and usually include extensive technical support. Finally, in-house applications are developed by programmers within a business or other institution for their own use. Examples might include employee training aids or a Web-based product catalog (although such applications could also be developed using commercial software such as multimedia or database development tools). While each application area has its own needs and priorities, the discipline of software development is generally applicable to all major products. Software developers try to improve speed of development as well as program reliability by using software development tools that simplify the writing and testing of computer code, as well as the manipulation of graphics, sound, and other resources used by the program. An applications developer must also have a good understanding of the features and limitations of the relevant operating system. The developer of commercial software must work closely with the marketing department to work out issues of feature selection, timing of releases, and anticipation of trends in software use.

(source: https://www.reference.com/business-finance/types-communication-technology-64ac1fe67776d7c8?aq=Different+Types+of+Technology&qo=cdpArticles)

Answer the questions below!

1. How are the applications categorized?
2. What does the first sentence show?
3. Who are the users of Commercial applications?
4. What is the difference between Commercial applications and Niche ones?
5. Can Niche applications be used for individual users? Explain your answer.
6. “These programs tend …” (line 5) What does “these programs” refer to?
7. Are the programmers of all applications the same? Explain your answer.
8. “….for their own use.” (line 7) What does “their” refer to?
9. What is meant by “employee training aids”?
10. What do the software developers use to speed up the development of a software?

Text two

Starting in the 1980s, many organizations sought to connect their employees’ desktop computers so they could share central databases, share or back up files, communicate via e-mail, and collaborate on projects. A system that links computers within a single office or home, or a larger area such as a building or campus, is called a local area network (LAN). (Larger networks linking branches of an organization throughout the country or world are called wide area networks, or WANs. See network.)

There are two basic ways to connect computers in a LAN. The first, called Ethernet, was developed by a project at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) led by Robert Metcalfe. Ethernet uses a single cable line called a bus to which all participating computers are connected. Each data packet is received by all computers, but processed only by the one it is addressed to. Before sending a packet, a computer first checks to make sure the line is free. Sometimes, due to the time delay before a packet is received by all computers, another computer may think the line is free and start transmitting. The resulting collision is resolved by having both computers stop and wait varying times before resending. Because connecting all computers to a single bus line is impractical in larger installations, Ethernet networks are

frequently extended to multiple offices by connecting a bus in each office to a switch, creating a subnetwork or segment (this is sometimes called a star topology). The switches are then connected to a main bus. Packets are first routed to the switch for the segment containing the destination computer.

The switch then dispatches the packet to the destination computer. Another advantage of this switched Ethernet system is that more-expensive, high-bandwidth cable can be used to connect the switches to move the packets more quickly over greater distances, while less-expensive cabling can be used to connect each computer to its local switch. An alternative way to arrange a LAN is called token ring. Instead of the computers being connect to a bus that ends in a terminator, they are connected in a circle where the last computer is connected to the first. Interference is prevented by using a special packet called the token. Like the use of a “talking stick” in a tribal council, only the computer holding the token can transmit at a given time. After transmitting, the computer puts the token back into circulation so it can be grabbed by the next computer that wants to send data.

(taken from Henderson Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology)

State whether the statement below is true or false!

1. The aim of building LAN was to search the employee’s connection on their desktop computers.
2. The need of sharing database and backup files was the factor of LAN innovation.
3. LAN and WAN have similar system.
4. Ethernet is one of the basic ways in a LAN that connects the participants’ computer with a bus.
5. The data which are sent to computers can be processed in those computers.
6. More than two packets can be sent in the same time if the line is free.
7. The collision of the data may happen when there is a delayed transmitting.
8. Star topology is effectively used in a larger installation.
9. In the switched Ethernet system, the high-bandwidth is used in both greater and lower distances.
10. The difference between Ethernet system and token ring lies on how all computers connected.
11. In token ring, the token can be used by any computer.

Text Three

Technology has improved in any field so fast that it is useful for everyone to have their job more effective and efficient.  With the emergence of big data that are interconnected to one another, there appear some ways technology can contribute in healthcare. They don’t have any relation with the medical advancement or the new forms of medical treatments, but rather on the influence of technology on healthcare. The first is the remote examination. By using telecommunication technology, patients can consult a physician on their sickness via a video call. This virtual visit will significantly save not only the time for both the patient and the doctor but also the old people who may get heart attacks or falls. The next is on-the-go-smartphone monitoring. This is a combination of smartphone and wearable devices. By downloading a certain application in the smartphone, for example, one can detect his or her amount of blood sugar level through the device he or she is wearing. This crucial information from the device may help the person decide how to treat the disease. The linked data from patients, surely guaranteed not to be exposed freely, give more accuracy on the analyses of human condition. The following is also impactful enough to healthcare, that is 3D printing. It is used to print from synthetic skin to prosthetics.

(adapted from: July 19, 2018, Technology and Healthcare: Do the two go hand-in-hand?; http://www.healthtechzone.com/topics/healthcare/articles/2018/07/19/438846-technology-healthcare-the-two-go-hand-in-hand.htm)

Write the lines of sentences in the passage where you can find the statement below!

1. Healthcare is quite efficient by the assistance of technology.
2. Doctors are able to help more patients despite the absence of face to face consultation.
3. The emergence of apps connected to certain devices helps people take care of their own health.
4. The development in printing gives doctors the clear images on human bodies.

Text Four

Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing includes many forms of processing foods, from grinding grain to make raw flour to home cooking to complex industrial methods used to make convenience foods. There are three classifications of the food processing.

Primary food processing turns agricultural products, such as raw wheat kernels or livestock, into something that can eventually be eaten. This category includes ingredients that are produced by ancient processes such as drying, threshing, winnowing, and milling grain, shelling nuts, and butchering animals for meat. It also includes deboning and cutting meat, freezing and smoking fish and meat, extracting and filtering oils, canning food, preserving food through food irradiation, and candling eggs, as well as homogenizing and pasteurizing milk. Contamination and spoilage problems in primary food processing can lead to significant public health threats, as the resulting foods are used so widely. However, many forms of processing contribute to improved food safety and longer shelf life before the food spoils. Commercial food processing uses control systems such as hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to reduce the risk of harm. Baking bread is an example of secondary food processing.

Secondary food processing is the everyday process of creating food from ingredients that are ready to use. Baking bread, regardless of whether it is made at home, in a small bakery, or in a large factory, is an example of secondary food processing. Fermenting fish and making wine, beer, and other alcoholic products are traditional forms of secondary food processing. Sausages are a common form of secondary processed meat, formed by comminution (grinding) of meat that has already undergone primary processing.

Tertiary food processing is the commercial production of what is commonly called processed food. These are ready-to-eat or heat-and-serve foods, such as TV dinners and re-heated airline meals.

(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processing#Classification)

Based on the passage,

1. We can conclude that in food processing, agricultural products …
2. We know that public health can be threatened …
3. It is inferred that avoiding the spoilage of the food …
4. We can get the conclusion that in the secondary food processing, the ingredients …
5. It can be concluded that re-heated airline meals …

To understand the texts more, you had better learn about the clauses.

ACTIVITY TWO

Review Adjective Clause

Complete the sentences below!

1. The farmers who … produce the best wine in this region.
2. By using high technology, some artists whom … are displaying their art work in the international art exhibition.
3. We are looking for teenagers whose …
4. Teaching methods which … will interest students to learn science.
5. Urban people have been used to the communication technology which …
6. What parents should learn is applying some applications that …
7. Some doctors whose … have applied the virtual visit.
8. The business activities which … become more and more effective.
9. People whose … get advantages from the development in the communication technology.
10. The teachers who … must be literate.
11. Some educators think that characters which … will help students to improve their own live.
12. Some games which … can be used for building characters.
13. Teachers can use some applications which … in their teaching and learning process.
14. Technology which … may help improve airline safety.
15. Public transportations which … becomes more and more comfortable.

 ACTIVITY THREE

Noun Clause

Change the underlined noun into a proper noun clause.

1. People improve technology for getting more money.
2. The number of airplane with high technology becomes the main topic of people’s discussing.
3. The government’s decision is on the new regulation on the airline safety.
4. Businessmen implement technology in their strategy to gain a lot of profit.
5. A profit-making and Cost-saving aspect is considered thoroughly.
6. The way people communicate has been changed since the discovery of gadgets.
7. The place for displaying new technologies in art is still being discussed.
8. Do people really care about the damage of the environments?
9. The question is the technician’s competence.
10. Don’t you understand the reason of giving them the hard punishment on this task?
11. We should pay attention on the little amount of people’s knowledge on recycling waste.
12. His ability to persuade people leads him to this position.
13. Everyone won’t agree to the time for holding the ceremony.
14. Anime is the only historian rejecting the high technology in his research.
15. The people’s preference in using mass media determines their existence.

Complete the sentences below!

1. That … amazes people.
2. We believe that …
3. Our decision is that …
4. Whom … doesn’t matter for me.
5. A lot of people concern much on how …
6. Some factories are interested in what …
7. We may not avoid what …
8. How many … has been on the list.
9. The staff reported that …
10. We want to know why …
11. All leaders in the world agree that …
12. When … will become the unforgettable moment.
13. He often asks me which …
14. The problem is whose …
15. What … may influence his decision.

ACTIVITY FOUR

Use the information from the texts above to make 10 sentences by using adjective clause or noun clause!

ENGLISH LITERATURE X

BSE : 3.8/4.8/4/8.1

CHAPTER 8: GIVING EXAMPLES AND PASSIVE FORMS

Basic Competence

3.8 menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait pemberian contoh, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan for example, such as)

4.8 menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait pemberian contoh, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks

Learning purpose

In this chapter, you will learn how to give examples. Surely, you will have to know the proper grammatical structure used to make the description meaningful.  Practicing how to compose a dialogue or monologue is needed to enhance your understanding on the social function and the text structure of that kind of promotion.

Learning process

 GENERAL INSTRUCTION : You must ensure that you understand the material step by step. At the end, there will be an evaluation to test your level of understanding on the material. When your level is above the passing score, you may continue to the next material. Before you ask for the evaluation, please ensure yourself that you have already mastered the whole material in this chapter.

 

BEFORE LEARNING

Read the sentences below and tell what the underlined phrases show:

1. Birds are classified into some groups. One of the groups is based on the fly-weight, including: The Helenas humming bird, found in Cuba, which is so tiny that it often gets caught in spiders’ web and The trumpeter swan which is one of the heaviest birds to fly with a weight of up to 17.2 kg (32lbs)
2. In an unusually hot and humid day, it is possible for us to undergo heat exhaustion. Fluid lost through perspiration can lead to dehydration. The typical examples of the symptoms are chills, fatique, lightheadedness, thirst, nausea, confusion, feeling faint, weakness and headache.
3. There are so many wonderful structures in the world. My favorite example is The Great Pyramid of Cheops built between 4 and 3 thousands years BC. It took 100,000 men 20 years to construct using 2,300,000 huge stone blocks which weighed an average of 2 tons each.
4. Women who diet often eat fewer meals to cut calories. That decreases movement through the gut. When nothing moves, you can’t pass stool. So, the typical example of avoiding the constipation is having breakfast.
5. To measure the weather, we have Barometer measuring air pressure, Thermometer measuring degrees of heat and coldness, and Thermograph recording air temperature among other examples.

Make a list of giving example-phrases and write the pattern of how to use them in sentences.

ACTIVITY ONE

Read the passages, underline the sentences containing phrases of example and answer some questions about them!

 Text One

No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex.  By changing word sequences and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs and suffixes, we are able to communicate tiny variations in meaning.  We can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey subtle differences in meaning.  Nor is this complexity inherent to the English language.  All languages, even those of so-called ‘primitive’ tribes have clever grammatical components.  The Cherokee pronoun system, for example, can distinguish between ‘you and I’, ‘several other people and I’ and ‘you, another person and I’.  In English, all these meanings are summed up in the one, crude pronoun ‘we’.  Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is.  So the question which has baffled many linguists is – who created grammar?

(taken from: https://www.examenglish.com/TOEFL/TOEFL_reading1.htm) 

1. What is the content of this passage?
2. Based on the explanation given in the passage, do you think that learning grammar is important?

 

Text Two

Life on Earth started with single-celled bacteria about 4 billion years ago. The earliest life forms could not move under their own power. The Gabon fossils dated to the Paleoproterozoic Era are about 1.5 billion years older than the previous earliest evidence of organism motility.

Abderrazak El Albani, a scientist with the University of Poitiers in France, led the team in Gabon. The shale deposit there has proven to be a treasure for the study of ancient life. Several years ago, Albani and his team discovered it held the oldest fossils know of multicellular animals.

“What matters here is their astonishing complexity and diversity in shape and size, and likely in terms of metabolic, developmental and behavioral patterns, including the just-discovered earliest evidence of motility, at least for certain among them,” Albani said.

(Taken from: https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/earth-s-earliest-mobile-organism-lived-2-1-billion-years-ago/4784826.html)

1. What can you conclude from the first paragraph?
2. What is meant by “a treasure” in the second paragraph?
3. “What matters here is their astonishing…” (p.3) What does “their” refer to?

Text Three

According to gang investigators, the gang leaders communicate orders through letters. Where mail is monitored they may use a code–for instance, making every 12th word of a seemingly benign letter significant. They use visits, they put messages into their artwork and in some states they use the telephone.

(taken from: https://www.examenglish.com/IELTS/IELTS_academic_reading3.htm)

Paraphrase the sentences in this passage!

Text Four

Prison gangs operating in Texas and Florida include Neta, the Texas Syndicate, the Aztecs, the Mexican Mafia, the New Black Panthers, the Black Guerrilla Family, Mandingo Warriors, Aryan Brotherhood, La Nuestra Familia, the Aryan Circle and the White Knights. Some of these gangs have alliances, and some are mortal enemies. Many on this list originated in California over the decades, some of them (such as the Texas Syndicate) to protect members from the other gangs. In addition, street gangs such as the Crips and Bloods and traditional racial-hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan also operate in the prisons.
What prisoners may not realize is that because the gangs are monitored by prison authorities the law-enforcement community is becoming very sophisticated about the gangs. “Sixty percent of what we learn about what is going on in the city streets of Florida” is garnered in prison and not from observing the streets, says Godwin.

(taken from: https://www.examenglish.com/IELTS/IELTS_academic_reading3.htm)

 What information can you get from this short passage?

 

ACTIVITY TWO

Punctuation is important in making sentences with examples. Now, learn the examples below!

1. Traditionally, software applications such as office suites are sold as packages that are installed and reside on the user’s computer.
2. Niche or specialized applications (such as hospital billing systems) are designed for and marketed to a particular industry.
3. In-house applications are developed by program-mers within a business or other institution for their own use. Examples might include employee training aids or a Web-based product catalog.
4. An application suite is a set of programs designed to be used together and marketed as a single package. For example, a typical office suite might include word processing, spreadsheet, database, personal information manager, and e-mail programs.
5. An application suite such as microsoft Office makes it easier to, for example, launch a Web browser from a link within a word processing document or embed a spreadsheet in the document.

(examples from 1 to 5 are taken from https://www.e-reading.club/bookreader.php/135785/Henderson_-_Encyclopedia_of_Computer_Science_and_Technology.pdf)

6. Major changes in human life have been associated with major technological changes, such as the “food-producing revolution,” the “urban revolution,” and the “industrial revolution” and its modern continuations; even the evolution of biologically modern man has been influenced by innovations in tool using.

7. Technology in its broad meaning connotes the practical arts. These arts range from hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture, animal husbandry, and mining through manufacturing, construction, transportation, provision of food, power, heat, light, etc., to means of communication, medicine, and military technology.

8. Recently, the impression that modern technology is primarily applied science has led to the use of such phrases as “science,” “science policy,” and “science and society” to refer to both the sciences and the practical arts.

9. This is an extremely significant fact for students of technology; however, most descriptions of technologies do not include quantitative information unless that happens to be an explicit part of the practitioner’s traditions —as, for example, in much modern food preparation and in engineering.

10. This will affect, for example, the amount of moving and carrying she does, the extent to which she can economize time by carrying out activities such as forming pots while others are drying or being fired, how close she can come to carrying out processes on the most efficient “batch” scale, etc.

(Examples form 6 to 10 are taken from https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/technology/technology-terms-and-concepts/technology#A)

Now, here is the exercise how to use the correct punctuation!

Correct the sentences below!

1. A number of wild animals in Indonesia are facing extinction. For example the Sumatran tiger males has average length around 230 cm from muzzle to the end of tail.
2. An active volcano in Java, like Merapi has erupted regularly since 1548.
3. Balak Beach, Lampung, for instance has most rocks and corals on it. The color of them is match with beautiful clean water.
4. Indonesia is rich of unique kinds of food for example, Surabi, Gudeg, Rujak Petis, and cendol.
5. When you visit Indonesia, you can enjoy many unique traditions; For example, Debus, Ngaben and Cutting finger.
6. Other than the official language, Indonesia has so many languages; For example, Javanese, Balinese, Madurese, Buginese are practically used in either in their own region or other region where they live.
7. Famous people e.g., Confucius, Edmund Halley, Sir Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin have contributed much on the people’s life.
8. The inventors in Physics, such as Albert Einstein, had ever failed in their life.
9. As technology on aviation has improved well, people choose air transportation most to travel, such as Turboprop, Very light jet, Business jet, and Regional jet.
10. Wealthy people prefer air transportation like Narrow body aircraft.
11. Students may have activities outside the school for instance, they may join social organization, but they aren’t allowed to join political one.
12. Generating electricity can be done in some ways including trapping and storing sun in solar panel, siting windmills where the wind blows and piping up the hot water and steam trapped in the earth.
13. There are three main types of clouds including, cirrus, Cumulus, and Stratus.
14. A boil occurs when bacteria, the common example is Staphylococcus aureus invade a hair follicle in the skin, travel down the follicle, and form a collection of infection pus at the base. So, applying an antibacterial, such as Neosporin, helps kill off any bacterium that is inside the boil or the skin.
15. Women are often attacked by diarrhoea. Though it usually lasts only three days, it can make them feel limp and lousy. Therefore, to get the bowel function well back to normal you can do as follows avoiding milk, eating lightly, drinking as much as you can, and trying chicken stock.

 

ACTIVITY THREE

Now, try practicing composing a short paragraph with three things to be clarified by giving examples. Before writing, you had better get some knowledge by reading a lot.

 

ACTIVITY FOUR

To support your ability in writing, surely you need understanding of good grammar. Here are the exercises of some passive forms.

 Exercise 1:  Passive Voice

Change the active sentences into the passive ones or vice versa!

1. What we planned yesterday is being discussed.
2. It was understood why the people sent their complaint to this mall.
3. We have already explained the people here the importance of keeping their environment clean.
4. The questions which made the students confused will be revised.
5. Were you given the information about the next activities?
6. Old generation still believes that gadgets give more disadvantages than advantages.
7. Spreading hoaxes have to be stopped for the sake of this country’s unity.
8. Before the decision was made, I had thought about the risks several times.
9. Everyone will be entertained by what we are going to perform.
10. When you visited there, were the refugees given enough food and medical treatment?
11. The abnormal behavior which the children have shown lately is being observed by some psychiatrists.
12. Since eating fast food becomes young people’s life style now, parents are required to provide them with healthy food for their future healthy life.
13. Teenagers are always expected not to be addicted on gadgets.
14. Stephen Hawking’s life inspires us to do more and more despite his physical disabilities.
15. The president is going to help many poor students to finish their studies.

Make Passive sentences with these verbs. You may use a verb more than once but, of course, in different sentences.

Reveal, resolve, help, hunt, suspect, coat, rule, infect, cause, hold, hide, advise, bind, direct, endanger, forbid, gain, judge, knock, leave, manage, number, obsess, pay, qualify, send, terminate, use, ventilate, warn, yield, zoom

 Exercise 2: Passive Causative

Paraphrase the sentences below!

1. My parents always have snap judgement avoided.
2. He made the rooms in this hotel decorated ethnically.
3. The owner of the museum has made everything displayed in high technology.
4. Our boss is getting the customers to try all of the new items in his mall.
5. That rich woman is making her accessories beautified with gold.
6. The director will have the staff trained how to serve their clients hospitably.
7. Some parents were getting their children motivated to be more creative when the director of the director of this foundation passed through the hall.
8. The President made all of the survivors treated by the professional doctors.
9. My father, the director of this company, never gets the local authorities bribed to deal with them.
10. The teacher is having the animals and plants classified based on their habitat.
11. The top manager has been getting the administration business audited for a week.
12. I had some regulations revised due to the inconvenient impact on the students.
13. He should make all of the dishes tasted before being served to the guests.
14. Does he often have his activities recorded and uploaded to the internet?
15. I have to get my pictures with my previous lovers burnt to avoid the misunderstanding between me and my fiancé.

 Exercise 3: Passive Participle

Choose a verb in the box to fill in the blank while changing it into the correct form!

Manufacture design bite contaminate surround plant show Transplant choose use Take sell Therapize Revitalize build review consume heal express supply

1. There has been a heart … to the patient with myocarditis in 10 minutes.
2. We may not enter the emergency room to see our friend … by a venomous snake.
3. The house … by the high wall turns out to be the place of the illegally … drugs and beverages
4. The government warn the people not to consume the … water.
5. Many girls are interested in her pictures mostly … abroad.
6. A lot of couples … with this method seem to have better relationship.
7. I lose my files … for my presentation tomorrow.
8. Some traditional markets … now will become one of the tourism objects.
9. The bamboo trees … artistically gives different atmosphere and scenic look to this village.
10. The two books … are so thick that I am getting tired of reading them.
11. Some old houses … before the first world war still stand firmly and now are used for restaurant … in such a way that people can feel the atmosphere of being in war.
12. The students of modelling are learning how to design their own clothes … and … in the annual fashion show.
13. Many young parents feel unable to control the children’s emotion … by throwing anything or crying all day long.
14. The diseases … by therapist are not usually the chronic ones.
15. The supplement drink … every day may influence the young teenagers’ health.

 Then, change the passive participle in each sentence into adjective clause!

Exercise 4: Review

Change the verb in the bracket into the correct form! 

1. The songs (compose) by those children are wonderful enough. They (record) already and (launch) next month.
2. The national documents (keep) in this museum (not take) care of carefully. Some of them (damage) by book louse.
3. The host is getting all the dishes (enjoy) because they (make) in accordance to the guests’ appetite.
4. The questions (give) by the interviewers made me nervous. Fortunately, they (answer) correctly and smoothly.
5. The teacher will make this paper (revise)  again because there are still many sentences (type) wrongly.
6. What was happening last night (spread) through the social media so quickly that the police make it (stop).
7. Many parents have tried to get their children (free) from their gadget, but they (addict) already.
8. There have been many young people (award) for their concern on reducing the plastic waste. They (deserve) to get it due to their consistency on what they do.
9. Parents hope to have the online games (play) by a lot of teenagers, even adults, (remove) from the internet.
10. Game programmers often (blame) for their work get the purpose of gaming (understand) by parents.
11. Our proposal (approve) by the head master (multiply) and (send) to some schools by Saturday.
12. The program (activate) now looks helpful enough for the students to learn some subjects (teach) interactively.
13. The president makes the corruptors usually (illustrate) as a mouse with a tie not only (jail) but also (make) them poor.
14. Controlling emotion through yoga (learn) by many workers (press) by their work at present.
15. Although he has made his daughter (win) in the beauty contest by bribing the judges, she (not qualify) by her ability and intelligence.

Correct the sentences below! 

1. The historians collected the results of their research on a book are all above 70 years old.
2. Didn’t the event organizer told not to hire those dancers?
3. Practicing speaking a new language must done regularly to get the best improvement.
4. The topic gives for the next seminar is too broad for a day seminar.
5. The person in charge got his members treat well during the event.
6. I am getting my burger strewing with much cheese.
7. The students’ ability to comprehend a text is tested now.
8. No one allowed to enter the building without an identity card.
9. The new approach introduces to the employees to enhance their skill.
10. What was write on this book is true and motivates me much.
11. How did they get their task finish so fast?
12. We don’t really understand the statement stating by our leader.
13. The difficult method have been simplified by the most competent person.
14. Don’t buy the things offering by someone you don’t know well.
15. It’s necessary to have our job evaluate for the better result.

  

ACTIVITY FIVE

Practicing a lot can enhance your skills in English, therefore you are advised to present to the class a certain topic to tell of course with some examples.

 

ENGLISH LITERATURE XI

BE : 3.7/4.7/2/7.1

CHAPTER 7 : RECOUNT TEXTS

Basic Competence

3.7 membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks recount lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait peristiwa bersejarah sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya

4.7 teks recount – peristiwa bersejarah

4.7.1 menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks recount lisan dan tulis terkait peristiwa bersejarah

4.7.2 menyusun teks recount lisan dan tulis, pendek dan sederhana, terkait peristiwa bersejarah, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks

Learning purpose

In this chapter, you will learn about Recount texts on Personal Experience and Historical Events. Surely, you will have to know the generic structure and the functional language of them.  Reading a lot is needed to enhance your understanding on the social function of the recount texts.

1. Learning process

 GENERAL INSTRUCTION : You must ensure that you understand the material step by step. At the end, there will be an evaluation to test your level of understanding on the material. When your level is above the passing score, you may continue to the next material. Before you ask for the evaluation, please ensure yourself that you have already mastered the whole material in this chapter.

BEFORE LEARNING

1. Tell what you experienced some time ago in ten sentences.
2. Tell about a historical event.

 To get more understanding about Recount Texts, do the following activities!

ACTIVITY ONE

Read the text well, then do the exercises below!

The Heart That Healed Itself

On August 17, 2012, 23-year-old Michael Crowe “froze up” – eyes open and staring into space – on the couch. He quickly snapped to, but when it happened again a few minutes later, his mother rushed him to the local emergency room.

There they learned that Michael was in real trouble. His heart was pumping blood at just 25%, an alarmingly low rate. By the time he was transferred to Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha and hour later, it was down to 10%. A virus was causing acute myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle. If it got worse, he would need a heart transplant. With Michael’s family surrounding his bed, the doctors asked him to sign papers –while he still could – for that transplant. “They said I had only a 30 per cent chance that my heart would recover,” Michael says. “I remember thinking, I can take those odds. I haven’t won the lottery yet. I’m Irish, I’m due for some luck. I was strangely calm.”

His doctors, however, were not. “His heart failure was so bad,” says his cardiologist, Dr Eugenia Raichlin. “The rate of mortality is huge.” They immediately hooked him up to an EMCO, an external heart and lung machine, to pump his blood while his heart couldn’t. But it was a short term fix, and Michael’s health continued to decline. Spiking fevers led to convulsions; ice cooled him but dropped his oxygen levels. “It was balancing game just to keep me stable,” Michael says.

He desperately needed a heart transplant.

For 17 days they waited, while Michael’s condition continued to worsen. His heart stopped twice at once for an entire day (being hooked up to the EMCO machine prevented him from dying). Doctors had to fend off blood clots and excess bleeding.

At 6.30 am on September 3, his doctors got the phone call everyone had been waiting for: a heart would be available that night. But a few hours later, they made a devastating discovery. Michael had developed a blood infection; a transplant would be too dangerous.

As Michael’s family despaired, Dr Raichlin noticed something unusual: His blood pressure, which should have remained constant because of the heart-lung machine, was actually rising. She ordered a test, which revealed that the left side of his heart was working at near-normal capacity. Unbelieving, she ordered another. Again, the same astounding results.

After four days hooked up to a different machine that assisted only the right side of the heart, Michael no longer needed a transplant. His heart had completely, miraculously healed itself, his body eradicating the virus on its own. “He overcame everything,” Dr Raichlin says. “He was very debilitated, but he rebuilt himself.”

Many patients with Michael’s condition die, or get a heart transplant, or survive but have permanent heart tissue damage. But today, as Michael works through his third year of pharmacy school, his heart is in perfect shape. “I’m so grateful that I got the second chance at life,” he says.

(taken from “Asia Reader’s digest, December 2015 page 34-35)

 Answer the questions below!

1. How was Michael when he froze up?
2. Why did his mother rush him to the local emergency room?
3. “There they learned …” (P.2 line 1) What does “there” refer to?
4. Why was his heart at alarming?
5. What happened to his blood pressure?
6. What is myocarditis?
7. What causes myocarditis?
8. “If it got worse….” (p.2 line 4) What does “it” refer to?
9. What could help him alive with that disease?
10. What kind of paper did he have to sign?
11. What do you think why he himself had to sign the papers?
12. How was he when he was signing the papers?
13. “His doctors, however, were not.” What does this sentence mean?
14. What would possibly happen to him on such condition, his heart failed?
15. What was the function of EMCO?
16. What is the balancing game that Michael meant?
17. What made him still alive although his heart sometimes stopped?
18. How long had they been waiting for the available heart for him?
19. “…they made…” What does “they” refer to?
20. Why was a transplant dangerous for him?
21. What made his family feel hopeless?
22. How was the blood pressure when using EMCO?
23. Why did Dr Raichlin order a test on his heart?
24. “she ordered another.” (P.6 last line) What does “another” refer to?
25. What happened to the right side of Michael’s heart?
26. What did the doctors do after seeing the astounding result of his heart?
27. Why did the doctors decide that Michael no longer needed a transplant?
28. How could his heart completely heal itself?
29. How long had he been suffering the disease before finally his heart healed itself?
30. What usually happens to the patients having myocarditis?
31. “But today, as Michael works ….” (the last paragraph) When is “today” in this text?
32. How is he now?
33. How old is he now?

ACTIVITY TWO

To understand some difficult words, do the exercises below!

1. Match each word to its meaning.

desperately, mortality, snap, eradicate, stare, alarmingly, clot, astounding, transplant, convulsions, recover, decline, cardiologist, spike, devastating, acute, debilitate

1. Suddenly lose one’s self-control
2. Look fixedly or vacantly at someone or something with one’s eyes wide open
3. Worryingly
4. of a disease or its symptoms) severe but of short duration
5. Take (living tissue or an organ) and implant it in another part of the body or in another body.
6. Return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength.
7. A doctor who specializes in the study or treatment of heart diseases and heart abnormalities
8. The state of being subject to death.
9. Diminish in strength or quality; deteriorate
10. Increase and then decrease sharply; reach a peak.
11. A sudden, violent, irregular movement of the body, caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associated especially with brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certain toxins or other agents in the blood, or fever in children
12. last-chance
13. lump, clump
14. shocking
15. surprising, breathtaking
16. Destroy completely; put an end to.
17. Make (someone) very weak and infirm.

ACTIVITY THREE

Read the text very well, then complete the table below!

History of Indonesia

(1) Some of the oldest hominid fossils outside of Africa have been found in Indonesia, including Homo erectus remains as old as 1.8 million years. Modern humans were present in the region at least 60,000 years ago and perhaps earlier. Early in the Christian era, Indonesia came under the influence of Indian civilization through the gradual influx of Indian traders and Buddhist and Hindu monks. By the 7th and 8th cent., kingdoms closely connected with India had developed in Sumatra and Java; the spectacular Buddhist temples of Borobudur date from this period. Sumatra was the seat (7th–13th cent.) of the important Buddhist kingdom of Sri Vijaya. In the late 13th cent. the center of power shifted to Java, where the fabulous Hindu kingdom of Majapahit had arisen; for two centuries it held sway over Indonesia and large areas of the Malay Peninsula. A gradual infiltration of Islam began in the 14th and 15th cent. with the arrival of Arab traders, and by the end of the 16th cent. Islam had replaced Buddhism and Hinduism as the dominant religion. The once-powerful kingdoms broke into smaller Islamic states whose internecine strife made them vulnerable to European imperialism.

(2) Early in the 16th cent. the Portuguese, in pursuit of the rich spice trade, began establishing trading posts in Indonesia, after taking (1511) the strategic commercial center of Malacca (see Melaka ) on the Malay Peninsula. The Dutch followed in 1596 and the English in 1600. By 1610 the Dutch had ousted the Portuguese, who were allowed to retain only the eastern part of Timor, but the English competition remained strong, and it was only after a series of Anglo-Dutch conflicts (1610–23) that the Dutch emerged as the dominant power in Indonesia.

(3) Throughout the 17th, 18th, and 19th cent. the Dutch East India Company steadily expanded its control over the entire area. When the company was liquidated in 1799, the Dutch government assumed its holdings, which were thereafter known in English as the Netherlands (or Dutch) East Indies. Dutch rule was briefly broken (1811–14) during the Napoleonic Wars when the islands were occupied by the British under T. Stamford Raffles . The Dutch exploited the riches of the islands throughout the 19th cent., but their rule did not go unchallenged by the Indonesians. In 1825, Prince Diponegoro of Java launched a long and bloody guerrilla war against the colonists, and in 1906 and again in 1908 the native rulers of Bali led their subjects in suicidal charges against Dutch fortifications.

Nationalism, Independence, and Sukarno

(4) The Indonesian movement for independence began early in the 20th cent. The Indonesian Communist party (PKI) was founded in 1920; in 1927 the Indonesian Nationalist party (PNI) arose under the leadership of Sukarno . It received its impetus during World War II, when the Japanese drove out (1942) the Dutch and occupied the islands. In Aug., 1945, immediately after the Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Muhammad Hatta, another nationalist leader, proclaimed Indonesia an independent republic. The Dutch bitterly resisted the nationalists, and four years of intermittent and sometimes heavy fighting followed. Under UN pressure, an agreement was finally reached (Nov., 1949) for the creation of an independent republic of Indonesia. A new constitution provided for a parliamentary form of government. Sukarno was elected president, and Hatta became premier.

(5) Although Sukarno had achieved a major accomplishment in uniting so many diverse peoples and regions under one government and one language, his administration was marked by inefficiency, injustice, corruption, and chaos. The rapid expropriation of Dutch property and the ousting of Dutch citizens (late 1950s) severely dislocated the economy; the country’s great wealth was not exploited, and soaring inflation and great economic hardship ensued. A popular revolt, stemming from a desire for greater autonomy, began on Sumatra early in 1958 and spread to Sulawesi and other islands; the disorders led to increasingly authoritarian rule by Sukarno, who dissolved (1960) the parliament and reinstated the constitution of 1945, which had provided for a strong, independent executive (Hatta had resigned in 1956 following a conflict with Sukarno). The army, whose influence was strengthened by its role in quickly quelling the revolts, and the Communist party, whose ranks were growing very rapidly, constituted two important power blocs in Indonesian politics, with Sukarno holding the balance of power between the two.

(6) In early 1962, Sukarno dispatched paratroopers to Netherlands New Guinea—territory claimed by Indonesia but firmly held by the Dutch—forcing the Dutch to agree to transfer that area to the United Nations with the understanding that it would pass under Indonesian administration in May, 1963, pending a referendum that was to be held by 1970. After the referendum, in Aug., 1969, Netherlands New Guinea was formally annexed by Indonesia, and its name was changed to West Irian (Irian Barat), then Irian Jaya, and later Papua. A guerrilla war was begun soon after by the Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM; Free Papua Movement), a group seeking Papua’s independence.

(7) Meanwhile, Sukarno made (1963) a major propaganda issue of Indonesian opposition to the newly created Federation of Malaysia and staged guerrilla raids into Malaysian territory on Borneo, beginning a conflict that was waged intermittently for three years. Sukarno began to lean increasingly toward the left, openly summoning Communist leaders for advice, exhibiting hostility toward the United States, and cultivating the friendship of Communist China. In 1965 he withdrew Indonesia from the United Nations. He may have known in advance of the abortive army coup that began in Sept., 1965, with the assassination of six high army officials.

The Suharto Regime

(8) The coup was swiftly thwarted by army forces under General Suharto , who blamed the coup on the PKI (the degree of its involvement is unclear); Suharto may have known of the plot in advance. Suharto gradually assumed power (although retaining Sukarno as symbolic leader). Thousands of alleged Communists were executed; people everywhere took the law into their own hands and a widespread massacre ensued (Oct.–Dec., 1965). Estimates of the number of people killed range from 500,000 to 1 million; many ethnic Chinese died, and in E and central Java and in Bali entire villages were wiped out. In 2012 Indonesia’s National Commission on Human Rights called the events a gross violation of human rights.

(9) The new government steadily increased its power, aided by massive student demonstrations against Sukarno. General Suharto brought an end (1966) to hostilities against Malaysia, banned the PKI, reestablished close ties with the United States, and reentered (1966) the United Nations. Indonesia became one of the founding countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967. On Mar. 12, 1967, the national assembly voted Sukarno out of power altogether and named General Suharto acting president.

(10) Suharto was elected president in 1968, and reelected in 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, and 1998. His government reinstated an earlier Dutch colonial policy of  transmigration,  in which farmers from the overpopulated islands of Java and Bali were moved to underpopulated areas such as Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Indonesian New Guinea. The policy has had mixed results; though more than six million had moved by the 1990s, Java and Bali continue to be heavily populated. The economy began to grow rapidly in the 1970s, due mainly to expanded oil, gas, and timber exports; in the 1980s and 90s manufacturing for export became important.

(11) In 1975–76, Indonesia annexed East Timor (a former Portuguese colony), and incorporated it as a province of the country; the takeover was not recognized by the United Nations. Following the annexation, separatists in the largely Roman Catholic province resisted Indonesian control, suffering substantial loss of life. Indonesia came under increasing criticism from the United States and international organizations for human-rights abuses in the area.

(12) During Suharto’s regime, his family held sway over much of Indonesia’s economic life, and government corruption increased. While the economic conditions of many Indonesians improved, opposition to his policies continued to be suppressed. In Oct., 1997, the country was plunged into economic upheaval when its currency plummeted. The stock market followed soon after, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed to provide the country with a $40 billion aid package in exchange for economic reforms. Struggling under a huge foreign debt and Suharto’s reluctance to implement the IMF reforms, Indonesia’s economy continued to worsen in 1998. Student protests and riots over rising prices broke out across the country, with increasing demands for Suharto to resign. Suharto stepped down in May, 1998, and his vice president, B. J. Habibie, assumed the presidency, pledging reform, clean government, and economic responsibility. In June, the government reached an agreement with foreign bankers on the rescheduling of nearly $80 billion in debt.

(13) Early in 1999, Indonesia and Portugal reached an agreement permitting the people of East Timor to choose between limited autonomy within Indonesia and independence in a referendum. Fighting in East Timor between government security forces and anti-independence militias on one side and separatist guerrillas on the other increased in mid-1999 as the vote approached. In August, voters chose independence, but the territory descended into chaos as pro-Indonesian militias and the army engaged in a campaign of terror and brutality, killing proindependence Timorese and causing thousands to flee their homes. In Sept., 1999, after intense international pressure, President Habibie asked the United Nations to send a peacekeeping force to the area, and in October the United Nations agreed to take full control of East Timor until independence, which was achieved in 2002. Even as the situation in East Timor quieted down, however, calls for independence rose in other provinces, particularly Aceh, in N Sumatra, and Papua.

(14) Meanwhile, in the June, 1999, parliamentary elections, the Indonesian Democratic party of Struggle ofMegawati Sukarnoputri , the daughter of Sukarno, came in first with 34% of the vote; President Habibie’s Golkar party came in second, with 22%. In the Oct., 1999, presidential elections, Abdurrahman Wahid , of the National Awakening party, became the country’s first democratically elected president after Megawati failed to build the coalition needed to win; she was chosen by parliament as vice president. A Muslim theologian and religious leader, as well as a defender of human rights and religious tolerance, Wahid moved to increase civilian control over the military, which lost influence and prestige following Suharto’s fall and the East Timor debacle. He also was forced to deal with often vociferous opposition in parliament. The economy began to revive in 2000, although the currency (rupiah) suffered a sharp loss in value.

(15) In Feb., 2001, the parliament censured the president, who was implicated in two corruption scandals. Wahid, who had alienated Megawati and suffered a drop in popularity, was censured again in April. Although he was subsequently cleared of wrongdoing in the scandals, the parliament voted in July to remove him from office. Megawati succeeded Wahid as president. Subsequently the parliament passed laws granting limited autonomy (including substantial control over natural resources) to Aceh and Papua, in the hope of undercutting local secessionist movements, but violence in both provinces has continued. An agreement was signed with the Aceh rebels in Dec., 2002, raising hopes for peace that were dashed six months later when Indonesia ended what it regarded as fruitless talks and resumed military action.

(16) Relations were strained with Malaysia in 2002 when as many as 400,000 Indonesians were forcibly deported under a tough new anti-illegal-immigrant law. Constitutional amendments passed in the same year called for the direct election of the president and the elimination of the seats reserved for the military in the national legislature. Both amendments took effect in 2004. In Oct., 2002, a terrorist bombing at a night club in Bali that was frequented by foreigners killed more than 200 people. The bombing was apparently by Indonesian Islamic radicals linked to Al Qaeda . Terror bombings continued to be a sporadic problem in subsequent years, though none were as deadly as the Bali night club attack. A proposal in 2003 to split Papua into three provinces sparked new unrest there, and after legals appeals Papua was divided (2004) into Papua and West Irian Jaya (now West Papua).

(17) Legislative elections in Apr., 2004, were a setback for Megawati’s party, which came in second to Golkar; the latter won slightly more than a fourth of the seats. Seven parties secured significant blocks of seats. Megawati subsequently lost the presidency (Sept., 2004) to Susilo BambangYudhoyono , a former general and security minister and the candidate of the Democrat party, after a runoff in Sept., 2004. The election was the first time that Indonesians were able to elect a president directly.

(18) In Dec., 2004, a huge tsunami caused by an earthquake off NW Sumatra devastated Aceh, killing some 167,000 people, and a subsequent earthquake in March, caused much destruction on the islands of Simeulue and Nias, west of Sumatra. There was a polio outbreak in Java in May, 2005, that was linked to the persistence of the disease in W Africa and was believed to have been transmitted to Muslim pilgrims at Mecca. Indonesia began a massive immunization campaign that ultimately brought the outbreak under control. Acehnese rebels signed a peace agreement with the government in Aug., 2005, and subsequently disarmed in exchange for the establishment of local self-government. In May, 2006, an earthquake centered S of Yogyakarta in central Java killed some 5,800 people; a July quake off W Java caused a tsunami that killed some 400 people. Heavy rains caused massive flooding in the Jakarta area in Feb., 2007, forcing as many as 400,000 people from their homes. A series of severe earthquakes in Sept., 2007, caused caused much damage in W Sumatra.

(19) In the parliamentary elections in Apr., 2009, the president’s Democratic party won 148 seats; Golkar came in second (108 seats), followed by Megawati’s party (93), and six other parties won seats. The July presidential elections were contested by Yudhoyono, Megawati, and, running as Golkar’s candidate, Vice President Jusuf Kalla; the president secured a majority, avoiding a runoff election. An earthquake off the coast of W Sumatra in Sept., 2009, caused significant destruction and more than a thousand deaths in Padang and the surrounding area. In Nov., 2009, a scandal concerning attempts by high-ranking law-enforcement officials to damage the reputation of Indonesia’s anticorruption agency by bringing false charges against two of its top officials hurt Yudhoyono when he failed to dismiss the law-enforcement officials. Subsequently, the president and his party were hurt by corruption investigations involving party members, including the party chairman in 2013.

(20) In the Apr., 2014, parliamentary elections Megawati’s party placed first with 109 seats, Golkar placed second with 91, and Gerinda, the party led by former general Prabowo Subianto, placed third with 73. Ten parties in all won seats. In the subsequent presidential election (July), Subianto was supported by a coalition of parties (including Golkar) that had won more than 60% of the seats in April, but his opponent, Joko Widodo , known as Jokowi and nominated by a coalition led by Megawati’s party, was a popular anticorruption candidate and governor of Jakarta and won with 53% of the vote. Corruption and attacks by Islamic extremists have been significant problems in the early 21st cent.

https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/indonesia/indonesia/history

No	Time	Events
1.	the 7th and 8th cent	kingdoms closely connected with India had developed in Sumatra and Java
2	_____________	_______________________

 

ACTIVITY FOUR

To understand some difficult words from the text, do the exercises below!

This is for the words from paragraph one and two. Match the word to its synonym!

1	Remains	Glorious
2	Gradual	Inrush
3	Influx	Change
4	Spectacular	Conflict
5	shift	Slow
6	Infiltration	Gradual
7	Dominant	Tracking
8	Internecine	Expel
9	Strife	Most influential Relics
10	Vulnerable	spread
11	Pursuit	Planned
12	Strategic	Deadly
13	Oust	Keep possession
14	Retain	appear
15	Emerge	At risk

Arrange these jumbled letters into the correct word which you can find in paragraph three and four!

1	a-S-t-d-e-y-i-l	11	x-E-p-d-a-n
2	E-t-i-n-e-r	12	L-i-i-d-e-q-u-a-t
3	p-O-c-c-y-u	13	E-p-l-i-t-o-x
4	n-c-l-e-n-g-U-h-a-l-e-d	14	u-G-r-i-l-e-l-a
5	C-o-l-i-s-t-o-n	15	N-e-t-i-v-a
6	S-u-a-l-i-c-i-d	16	i-f-i-F-o-r-t-c-o-a-t-i-n
7	I-n-d-n-d-e-e-e-p-e-n-c	17	m-u-C-o-m-i-s-n-t
8	L-e-r-s-a-i-p-d-e-h	18	p-t-I-m-u-e-s
9	r-e-S-u-r-n-e-d-r	19	c-l-a-P-r-o-i-m
10	C-t-i-t-o-n-s-o-u-t-i-n	20	r-l-i-e-P-a-n-t-a-a-m-r-y

Choose the correct antonym for each word below! These are from paragraph 5, 6 and 7.

	Word	Antonym
1	Achieve	Fail at, acquire
2	Diverse	Different, homogenous
3	Injustice	Unfairness, fairness
4	Severely	Hard, easily
5	ensue	Replace, precede
6	Dispatch	Send, accept
7	intermittently	Constant, On and off
8	Hostility	Feud, friendliness

Put the underlined words in paragraph 8,9,10,11, and 12 into the correct part of speech! Number 1 has been done for you.

No	Verb	Noun	Adjective	Adverb
1				Swiftly
2

Now, Choose the verbs from paragraph 13 to paragraph 20, then make them into good sentences.

 

Now, let’s see what you have already understood by completing the sentences below!

1. The function of Recount text is _______________________________
2. The generic structure of recount text is _________________________________
3. There are some kinds of recount texts. They are ___________________________
4. The tense that is mostly used in the sentences is __________________________

 

SELF-REFLECTION ON THE MASTERY OF MATERIALS

No	Questions	Yes	No
1.	Can you understand the recount texts?
2.	Can you identify each kind of recount text?

ENGLISH SUBJECT X

BSE : 3.7/4.7/2/7.1

CHAPTER 7: ADVERTISEMENTS

Basic Competence

3.7 membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks khusus dalam bentuk iklan dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait kegiatan (event), sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya

4.7 iklan kegiatan (event)

4.7.1 menangkap makna secara kontekstual Terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan teks khusus dalam bentuk iklan kegiatan (event)

4.7.2 menyusun teks khusus dalam bentuk iklan kegiatan (event), lisan dan tulis, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks

Learning purpose

In this chapter, you will learn about ADVERTISEMENTS. Surely, you will have to know the proper grammatical structure of them.  Practicing  composing advertisements with the correct grammatical structure is needed to make your writing understandable and enhance your understanding on their social function and structure.

Learning process

 GENERAL INSTRUCTION : You must ensure that you understand the material step by step. At the end, there will be an evaluation to test your level of understanding on the material. When your level is above the passing score, you may continue to the next material. Before you ask for the evaluation, please ensure yourself that you have already mastered the whole material in this chapter.

 

BEFORE LEARNING

You must ever hear and see advertisements, so according to you

1. What is advertisement?
2. What is advertised?
3. What is the purpose of advertising?
4. Who are the advertisers?
5. Where can we find advertisements?

Based on your answers, let’s learn about some kinds of advertisement.

ACTIVITY ONE

READ THE ADVERTISEMENT BELOW, THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS WELL!

VISIT TEENAGERS’ MOVIE FESTIVAL
A FANTASTIC IMAGINATION AND CREATION OF THE AWESOME WRITERS AND MOVIE DIRECTORS OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
MARCH 22nd – 25th 2019    at mini Percy’s auditorium of SNOWFALL University. Ticket sale is opened at March 1st 2019 The first 50 tickets will be only IDR 75,000 plus a complimentary drink and the price will be 10% more than IDR 100,000 for the last three days. When you are out of town people, just call this number: 081112365567 Please, hurry up as The seats are provided ONLY FOR 250 PEOPLE.

 

Questions :

1. What is the aim of the advertisement?
2. Whom may the advertisement be for?
3. Who probably holds the festival?
4. How long will the festival be?
5. What is the advantage for buying the ticket earlier?
6. How much will the ticket be at March 20^th?
7. Are the tickets only available for the town people?
8. How many tickets are provided for the people who want to see the festival?

 

ACTIVITY TWO

READ THE ADVERTISEMENT BELOW, THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS WELL!

CHEERY SMILE MERCHANDISE
SOME NEW ARRIVALS ARE ON THE LIST
Characters in Incredibles 2 1.        Elastigirl  (5 poses) 2.      Violet Parr (7 poses) 3.       Frozone (3 poses) 4.      Dash (5 poses) 5.      Jack –jack Parr (7 poses) 6.      Mr. Incredible (5 poses)			Characters in Aquaman 1.        Aquaman (7 poses) 2.      Mera  (5 poses) 3.       Black Manta (5 poses) 4.      King Nereus (3 poses)
Each figure has three different sizes (5cm, 12cm, and 18cm) When you buy them in this promotion week, you can get one more action figure from different movie characters. These new arrivals belong to the limited edition. GET THEM AND FEEL THE SATISFACTION VISIT OUR INSTAGRAM @CHEERY2SWEETIE LINE ID @CHERRYMERCH

 

Questions:

1. What are advertised?
2. What does probably the “Cheery Smile Merchandise” sell?
3. How long is the promotion for the new arrivals?
4. What is offered during the promotion time?
5. What is meant by “the limited edition”?
6. How do the people know the image of the figures?

 

ACTIVITY THREE

A GOOD NEWS FOR YOUNG MOTHERS
A four day workshop for young mothers
April 20th – 23rd 2019 At Family Playground 1 Activities :
	For mothers			For children
Day 1	Learning children’s psychological growth			Learning how to request, thank and apologize
Day 2	Observing children’s behavior			Learning how to collaborate through games and working together
Day 3	Interacting with the children			Playing and doing a project with their mother
Day 4	Evaluating the activities			Evaluating the activities
It’s only IDR 250,000 including snacks and lunch for mother and child (2 children) Book one week in advance to get the handout, besides we have only 25 places.

 

Questions:

1. What kind of advertisement is it?
2. Who are the targets of the advertisement?
3. What do you think why children are included in the workshop?
4. What is probably the purpose of the workshop?
5. What should the participants do before the workshop?
6. What do you think about the prize?

ACTIVITY FOUR

Passive Voice

You need some knowledge of grammar when you write an advertisement. Therefore, now learn about Passive Voice.

To get more understanding about Passive Voice, do these exercises below!

I. Change the active sentences below into the passive ones!

1. The people are waiting for the result of the football match between Indonesia and Vietnam.
2. A lot of plastic waste has contaminated rivers and land for years.
3. The students were summarizing the article when the bell rang.
4. Does the teacher always correct the student’s mistake when speaking?
5. I didn’t change the password yesterday.
6. The doctor will observe the causes of this strange disease.
7. We have to activate the programs now.
8. The committee had changed the routes already before the runners started to run.
9. The previous employer didn’t give the employees the chance to improve themselves.
10. The teacher has warned those boys not to make a trouble twice.
11. Can ice cool our high temperature effectively?
12. Children won’t easily forget their teacher’s saying.
13. The police will be investigating other areas at the same time tomorrow.
14. I had registered all of the students already before it was closed earlier.
15. The professional pilot had been flying the newest plane for 20 minutes when it crashed a mountain.
16. We shouldn’t decide an important thing when we are angry.
17. My grandpa had exhibited his paintings ten times before he died in 2010.
18. The headmaster agreed to our idea.
19. The juries were selecting the best ten chefs while they were cooking the complete dishes.
20. He has been explaining the fresh graduates the tips of speaking in front of the public.

II. Change the passive sentences below into the active ones!

1. Most merchandizes in this shop are made of plastic waste.
2. Some books were banned last year.
3. The best Mozart’s compositions are being played by teenage orchestra.
4. Have the workers been instructed to work overtime this weekend?
5. 10 Deluxe rooms in this luxurious hotel were booked by the Royal families.
6. Our identity card will be checked when we enter the Palace.
7. A new program is being installed to our computers by a technician.
8. The gifts for our friends had been wrapped and decorated beautifully when we realized that we got the wrong gifts.
9. When I entered the room, the staff were being briefed on the new rule.
10. This café is not recommended for us.
11. All the materials have been being reviewed for two hours.
12. A best seller novel will be given to him when he begins writing a review.
13. The acute condition of his heart must be healed by a heart transplant.
14. Different substances are being injected to some trees to know the effect on them.
15. The same online games are played by teenagers in the world.
16. A lot of public schools will be being renovated next semester.
17. An international racing circuit is going to be built in Mandalika next year.
18. The drug smuggler had been executed already when the judge decided that he was innocent.
19. This song has been nominated for two musical awards.
20. While the street children were playing, they were being taught to collaborate.

 

ACTIVITY FIVE

Review tenses in active and passive sentences

I. Change the verb in bracket into the correct form!

1. Some industries which (produce) things from plastic (encourage) to find another material.
2. Some miners who (warn) not to enter the mining holes (evacuate) now.
3. About 100 young journalists (train) how to write news responsibly for four days because there (be) a lot of news which they (write) is not accurate.
4. Indonesia (become) one of the most wonderful tourist destinations in the world since some regions (revitalize) to fulfill the international standard.
5. We (surprise) by the findings that microplastic (find) in the human faeces.
6. The hotel where we (stay) for two days (facilitate) luxuriously but environmentally green.
7. After some students who (have) low spirit to learn (motivate) to reach their dream, they (realize) that they should not waste their time by playing games.
8. Any information (write) on the mass media (have) to be accurate.
9. Supplements which (mix) with water or juice can be useful to deal with the chronic diarrhea.
10. I often (remind) by my parents not to be afraid to tell the truth although someone possibly (threaten) us.
11. After the fire (extinguish) already, the firemen (search) for the people who (trap) in the burnt building. They (find) many of them died.
12. Since we (invite) to join the food festival, we (prepare) the ingredients which (take) from our own garden now.
13. A simple technology (apply) to recycle the plastic waste in our school since last year, but the problem (be) that we (not have) enough support from the top manager.
14. If your plants (prune) regularly, they (grow) well.
15. While the coffee beans (process), I (prepare) various flavor for strengthening its taste.

II. Correct the sentences below!

1. Eyes can irritated with chemicals in swimming pool if we don’t wear watertight goggles.
2. When our eyes locked on our book or computer for hours, this can strain your eyes-focusing muscles.
3. The reports must submit by the students on Monday.
4. She was disappoint by the movie which she thought it more entertaining.
5. What does the thing you bought yesterday used to?
6. Pickpockets are knowing to operate in this area.
7. The town building has closed because of the snow since two weeks ago.
8. Jennie has invited to explain her reasons for making the changes in her essay.
9. I was asking to post the letters which were written by kindergarten students.
10. When are the books suppose to return to the library?
11. Student’s score affects by the number of mistakes in the test.
12. Some symptoms can classified through the method you showed us last week.
13. The students of senior high school in this seminar being explained the impacts of the having sexual intercourse before marriage.
14. After our proposal has been approved, we held some meetings to talk about it last month.
15. Some species of the wild plants in this forest have being identified by some botanists for a week.

Based on what you have learnt, you can conclude that:

1. Event advertisement is ____________________________________

2. Product advertisement is __________________________________

3. Service advertisement is ___________________________________

4. Write the pattern of Passive sentences for simple tenses

___________________________________

5. Write the pattern of Passive sentences for Continuous tenses

___________________________________

1. SELF-REFLECTION ON THE MASTERY OF MATERIALS

No	Questions	Yes	No
1.	Can you identify each type of advertisement?
2.	Can you understand the content of an advertisement?
3.	Can you write an advertisement?

 

ENGLISH LITERATURE X

 

READING ALL GENRES IN MULTIPLE CHOICE

Choose the correct answer!

Text One

 Why is river water sometimes brown? The water turns brown when it’s full of mud. A brown river is an example of erosion in action. Flowing water carries away, or erodes, tiny bits of dirt and rock from the ground it passes over. Erosion moves rock and dirt from place to place. Earth’s surface can be greatly changed by erosion. Over tremendously long periods of time, erosion can carry whole mountains into the sea!

The dirt and pieces of rock that erosion carries away come from weathering. Weathering is the process by which nature breaks rocks up. Heat from the Sun can make rock expand and crack into pieces. Ice can also break up rock. Water gets into cracks in the rock and freezes. Ice expands when it freezes and breaks the rock. Plant roots can also grow into rocks and crack them. Rainwater can dissolve, or absorb, some rocks, turning them into liquid. Rainwater can turn other rocks into sand or clay.

Once rocks break into pieces, erosion takes over. Water, wind, and ice carry away the pieces left behind by weathering.

Rainwater runs down hillsides and carries dirt with it. Over time, flowing water can carry away so much rock and dirt that it cuts into the ground and forms a channel. The Colorado River eroded a huge cut in the rock of the southwestern United States called the Grand Canyon.

Ocean waves crash against seashores. The waves take sand away from some beaches and pile it up on other beaches.

Wind is the main cause of erosion in deserts. There are few plants to hold the dry dirt in place. Wind blows away loose sand and dry dirt.

Windstorms blew away a lot of dirt on the Great Plains of the United States in the 1930s. There had been no rain for years, and the dirt was dry. The farm areas destroyed by wind were called the Dust Bowl.

Glaciers are huge sheets of ice. Glaciers move slowly across the land. Ice underneath the glacier picks up and carries away sand, dirt, and pebbles. The sand, dirt, and pebbles grind away more rock as the glacier moves.

Water flowing through rivers can carve out deep canyons. The water carries sand and dirt to other places. The Mississippi River dumps tons of dirt where it empties into the Gulf of Mexico. The dirt eventually piles up to create land where once there was ocean. This process makes rich farmland called the Mississippi Delta.

Wind can blow away sand and dirt leaving bare rock. It can pile up the sand it erodes to make hills called sand dunes.

Glaciers can make big changes in Earth. During the last ice age, glaciers covered much of North America. Glaciers carved out many lakes. They made the five Great Lakes.

(Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.)

1. P.1 line 3 : “….from the ground it passes over.” The underlined word refers to …

A. mud  B.  flowing water   C. ground    D.  tiny bits of dirt    E. season

2. What can the greatest impact of erosion be over a long time?

A. turning the river into brown  B.  washing away the rock and dirt of the ground   C. moving rocks and dirt to other places   D.  changing ground into a mountain   E.  carrying whole mountains to the sea

3. Rocks become pieces because of these natural processes, except …

A. the sun heat   B.  water   C. rainwater   D.  plant roots   E. high temperature

4. What causes the rock expand?

A. weather   B.  sun heat   C. ice   D.  water   E. plant roots

5. P.2 line 2 : “…when it freezes..” The underlined word refers to …

A. heat   B.  sun   C. rock   D.  ice    E. nature

6. P.2 line 4 : “….rocks and crack them.” The underlined word refers to …

A. ice   B.  rocks   C. cracks    D. plant roots    E. erosion

7. From the text, we can know that Grand Canyon is probably …

A. a mountain  B.  a river    C. a hill   D. a channel   E. a rock

8. The ocean waves can make these, except …

A. a new beach   B.  a larger beach    C. a destroyed beach   D.  a beach piled of sand   E. crashes on the ocean

9. What is called as the Dust Bowl is …

A. the Great Plains of United States   B.  the wind-destroyed farm   C. the blowing windstorms   D.  the dry dirt   E. the farm with no rains at all

10. Based on the text, which is incorrect?

A. Rocks turn into pieces as the glacier move   B. While moving slowly, glacier carries sand, dirt and pebbles   C. Canyon can change their shape due to the flowing water    D. The Mississipi Delta was once an ocean     E. The sand that forms sand dunes is the example of erosion in action

11. P. 5 line 1 “….beaches and pile it up…” The underlined word refers to …

A. ocean    B. sand    C. oceanwaves    D.  seashores    E. beach

12. P.9 line 3 : “This process makes rich….” The underlined word refers to …

A. carving out deep Canyon   B.  flowing the dust and sand to other places    C. emptying the Mississipi river    D.  umping tons of dirt in the Gulf of Mexico    E. piling up ocean to create a land

Text Two

Nowadays, many people have realized that agriculture is much more important than other supporting tools in economic development. In Indonesia, agriculture should be the priority of development because of some good reasons.

First of all, the agriculture’s contribution in the beginning of the development of the country was the highest of all sectors. At present, almost half of the total Indonesian labors are working in agriculture sector, but the contribution of agriculture sector does not reach 30 percent.

Second, agriculture sector is expected to fulfill the need of food in the country. As the number of population increases in an alarming rate each year, food supply must also increase but agricultural production per capita never increases more than one percent each year, and in some extreme cases, it is even stagnant.

Last but not least, without agricultural development, the growth of industrial sector will be hampered because the growth that comes from industry will bring a wider gap into the internal economy in the country. In turn, this gap will create serious poverty problem and wider inequality of income distribution, and increase unemployment.

Based on the above reasons, it is obvious that the government gives more attention on the agriculture sector.

13. The text is about …

A. the importance of agriculture in the economic development   B. the agriculture contribution in the increase of employment    C. the growth of industrial sector in the country    D. the quality of agriculture in the country    E. the process of developing the agriculture

14. In order to support economic development, the government should …

A. produce more food as the priority    B. reduce labors in agriculture sector    C. supply more food for the national need    D. increase industrial sector as the first priority   E. prioritize agriculture in the national development

15. The main idea of paragraph two is …

A. almost half of Indonesian labors are working in agriculture sector   B. less that 30 percent of Indonesian labors work in agriculture sector    C. there is no agriculture contribution in the beginning of the development    D. the contribution of agriculture in the beginning of the development reaches more than 30 percent    E. The contribution of agriculture to the government was better in the beginning of the development

16. “As the number of population increases in an alarming rate each year….” (p.3 line 2)

A. high   B.  average     C. low     D. reminding   E. dangerous

 Text Three

 It is probably one of the most important books I have ever read. Not for its heavy philosophy, practical instructions, or memorable quotes; but for its simple message of how wonderful life can be when viewed through the eyes of an innocent child.

Each story is only a page or two, a delightful narrative of how Toto-chan views the world, and how Mr. Kuroyanagi inspires the children to explore, learn, feel and have joy. There are several charcoal drawings that capture the tenderness of the stories, making us feel a part of Totto-chan’s world.

One of my favourite vignettes is the story of losing her hat in the septic tank at the school, and proceeding to dig it out. The headmaster walks by, and after a few questions to satisfy his curiosity, and hearing her earnest explanations, he lets her continue with the simple instruction, ”make sure you put it all back!”

Toto-chan, The Little Girl at The Window is a celebration of childhood, learning and caring. We have enjoyed reading one or two stories for bedtime off-and-on for a couple of years, and almost don’t want to finish the book because it will mean there are no more stories. Totto-chan seems so real and loveable, and her headmaster is a role model for parents and teachers.

The book is written by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi and translated by Dorothy Britton.

17. What is the genre of the text?

A. Recount     B. Review   C. Narrative    D. Description    E. Anecdote

18. How does the writer of this book send the moral message to the reader?

A. by telling about philosophy, practical instructions, or memorable quotes    B. by presenting a simple life through children’s perception    C. by teaching teachers and parents how to treat a child    D. by being a role model for  parents and teachers    E. by writing many books about reality in children’s life

19. Based on the text, Totto-chan, The Girl at The Window is a story …,except

A. of an innocent children      B. that motivates children to explore the world    C. containing philosophy of life    D. that describes good headmasters and teachers   E. that shows how simple a life is

20. According to the text, who inspires the children enjoying their childhood?

A. Tetsuko Kuroyagi     B. Dorothy Britton   C. The teachers    D.  The little girl    E. The headmaster

Text Four

 Cancer is a group of diseases that can cause almost any signs or symptoms. The signs and symptoms will depend on where the cancer is, how big it is and how much it affects the organs or tissues. If a cancer has spread (metastasized), signs or symptoms may appear in different parts of the body.

As a cancer grows, it can begin to push on nearby organs, blood vessels and nerves. This pressure causes some of the signs and symptoms of cancer. If the cancer is in a critical area, such as certain parts of the brain, even the smallest tumor can cause symptoms. But sometimes cancer starts in places where it will not cause any signs or symptoms until it has grown quite large. Cancers of the pancreas, for example, usually do not cause symptoms until they grow large enough to press on nearby nerves or organs (this causes back or belly pain). Others may grow around the bile duct and block the flow of bile. This causes the eyes and skin to look yellow (jaundice). By the time a pancreatic cancer causes signs or symptoms like these, it is usually in an advanced stage. This means it has grown and spread beyond the place it started.

A cancer may also cause symptoms like fever, extreme tiredness (fatigue) or weight loss. This may be because cancer cells use up much of the body’s energy supply, or they may release substances that change the way the body makes energy from food. Or the cancer may cause the immune system to react in ways that produce these signs and symptoms. Sometimes, cancer cells release substances into the bloodstream. This causes symptoms which are not usually linked to cancer. For example, some cancers of the pancreas can release substances that raise blood calcium levels. This affects nerves and muscles, making the person feel weak and dizzy.

Treatment works best when cancer is found early while it’s still small and is less likely to have spread to other parts of the body. This often means a better chance for a cure, especially, if the cancer can be removed with surgery.

21. The appearance of the signs or symptoms of cancer depends on these, except …

A.  the place of the cancer    B. the size of the cancer    C. Its impact on organ    and tissues    D. its way to spread    E.            its condition

22. “…how big it is and how much it affects the organs…”  The underlined word is in closest meaning to …

A. influences     B. changes     C. converts      D. culminates     E. recovers

23. “….symptoms until they grow large enough…” (p.2 line 5)   What does the underlined word refer to?

A. the places of cancers     B. nearby organs    C. signs or symptoms      D. cancers of pancreas     E.  certain parts of brain

24. Being fatigue can be caused by …

A. The cell’s consuming of body’s energy    B. The release of the body’s energy     C. the overactive reaction of the immune system     D.  the hormone-like substance in the muscles     E.  the release of substance usually linked to cancer

25. From the last paragraph, we can learn that …

A. there is no disease which has no cure    B. we should seek early detection of cancer to have the best treatment    C. we should ignore any sign of cancer because it can be removed with surgery    D. when we feel weak and dizzy, it is sign of cancer    E. healthy lifestyle can prevent us from cancer

Text Five

The implementation of the new graduation standard for High School students has evoked people to bring different responses.

Some people agree with the rule because it indicates the students’ mastery of or the competence on the whole material for three years. The result of the final exam is also significant for students’ future study in the higher level. In addition, we are far left behind by our neighboring countries that have implemented a higher graduation grade standard.

However, some other people believe that imposing a high standard will not be effective. The results of the exams have proven to be unreliable because it assesses the students’ competence only in a couple of days. A smart student for example, may get a low grade just because he is sick during the exam. On the other hand, an idle student may achieve the standard due to the luck. Therefore, there should then be an alternative way to the national exam considered as the standard one.

Despite different points of view, the government should intensely work on this matter in the hope of getting a better solution upon improving the High-School graduates’ quality.

26. What is the purpose of this text?

A. to discuss different opinions on the new graduation standard    B. to object to the new graduation standard    C. to give arguments on the new graduation standard    D. to explain the importance of the new graduation standard     E. to find an alternative way to get better graduation

27. “….for High School students has evoked people to bring…” (paragraph 1)       The underlined word is best replaced by …

A. created      B. gained    C. aroused      D.  got   E. examined

28. Which is NOT the reason for people agreeing to the new graduation standard?

A. Managing the whole material can be shown through the national exam   B. The results of the national exam indicate the students’ mastery on the whole material   C.  The students’ future depends on the final exam    D.  Neighboring countries’ students have higher graduation standard     E.  The results of the final exam help the graduates continue their study in the higher level

29. What is the writer’s position in the controversy of graduation standardization?

A. The writer does not take side      B. The writer supports it     C.   The writer follows the government’s policy     D. The writer opposes it    E. The writer is strongly against it.

Text Six

OFFICE SUITES

This is new and unusual building in the downtown business district offers unique opportunities for small to midsized tenants to occupy an entire floor from 1,600 to 6,000 square feet are available for immediate occupancy.

Commuting is easy, with the subway stop only one block away. It’s convenient to shops, restaurants, hotels, and business services.

For leasing information call 303-572-5947

30. What is this advertisement about?

A. A new office building       B. Office suites to sell     C. Office suites to rent     D. A building in the business district     E. The unusual building downtown

31. The good point about the office suite is …

A. furnished       B. several blocks away from subway stop    C. available in one type size     D. easy to reach for commuters     E. far from public places

 Text Seven

 Detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr. Watson are back on the cinema through the ‘A Game of Shadows”. After the success of his first film in 2009, Guy Ritchie redirected sequel of “Sherlock Holmes”.

A bomb exploding in Stassbourg, England soon became headline in several newspapers. Holmes (Robert Downey Jr.) who disguised as a beggar was busy stalking Irene Adler (Rachel McAdams), his enemy who was also his idol. She brought an important package.

In the sequel of “Sherlock Holmes” this time, Professor Morriarty (Jared Harris) becomes the most dangerous enemy. Moriarty is not the kind of person who is hesitant to remove the lives of many people in order to achieve his goal. The explosion in Stassbourg is one of his creations.

Holmes was busy when his friend, Dr. Watson (Jude Law) was getting married. His marriage would automatically make Holmes lose his partner in investigating the case.

A gypsy woman, Madam Sinza Heron (Noomi Rapace), helped Holmes get through the adventure this time. There was also Holmes’ brother, Mycroft Holmes (Stephen Fry) who accompanied Holmes.

The farce made by Holmes and several other characters in the film is able to cause laughter. The chemistry between Robert and Jude is undoubtedly able to captivate the audience’s attention for they have been together since in the first sequel.

Chess competition between Holmes and Prof. Moriarty became the ultimate point. They both described the mind wanders respectively. Are you intrigued by the acting of the detective? The film “Sherlock Holmes: ‘A game of Shadows’ can be alternative entertainment this weekend.

32. The text is about …

A. A review of ‘A game of Shadows’ movie   B. The description of Holmes’ life as a detective    C. An introduction of “Sherlock Holmes” movie     D. A discussion about Robert Downey Jr. and Jude Law’s lives   E. A report of the adventure of a gypsy woman

33. Which is correct about Moriarty?

A. He likes to achieve a goal despite his kindness    B. He keeps others’ life    C. He will do everything to achieve his goal including murdering.    D. He is accused of the explosion as his way to remove his life     E. he is always doubtful when he has to kill others’ life.

34. What is Mycroft Holmes’ role in the film?

A. Replacing Holmes’ partner        B. Leading Holmes to Madam Sinza   C. Accompanying Holmes      D. Being Holmes’ enemy     E. Solving Holmes’ problem

35. Why does the writer recommend this film?

A. because it will captivate the audience’s attention by Holmes’ adventure    B. because all of the characters are laughter boosters     C. because it describes the chemistry between Robert and Jude    D. because there are new characters that were not found in the first sequel     E. because it is better than the first sequel

Text Eight

Christiano Ronaldo was born on February 5, 1985, in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. Manchester United paid £ 12 million to sign him in 2003 – a record fee for a player of his age. In the 2004 FA Cup Final, he scored Manchester’s first three goals and helped them capture the championship. In 2008, he set a franchise record for goals scored. In 2009, Real Madrid paid a record $ 131 million for his service.

It was through his dad’s work as an equipment manager at a boy’s club that Ronaldo was first introduced to the game of soccer. By the time he was 10 years old, he was already recognized as a phenomenon – a kid who ate, slept and drank the game. “All he wanted to do as a boy was playing football,” his godfather, Fernao Sousa, recalled for British reporters, adding, “He loved the game so much that he’d miss meals or escape out his bedroom window with a ball when he was supposed to be doing homework.”

By his early teens, Ronaldo’s talent and legend had grown considerably. After a stint with Nacional da liha da Madeira, he signed with Sporting Portugal in 2001. That same year, at the tender age of 16, Ronaldo turned heads with a mesmerizing performance against Manchester United, wowing even his opponents with his footwork  and deft skill. He made such an impression that a number of United players asked their manager to try and sign the young player. It wasn’t long before the club paid Ronaldo’s team more than £ 12 million for his services – a record fee for a player of his age.

36. What did Ronaldo do for MU in 2004?

A. set a franchise record     B. scored several goals for MU in some competitions    C. led MU to win FA CUP Championship     D. recorded himself as the best player     E.  paid $ 12 million for MU

37. From paragraph two, we learn that …

A. Ronaldo was a talented football player     B. Ronaldo was a very energetic football player     C. Ronaldo gained his success by his earlier teens     D. Ronaldo was a legendary young football players     E. Ronaldo became the youngest player in Manchester United

38. “After a stint with Nacional da liha da Madeira, he signed with…” (p.3 line 2)  The underlined word can be best replaced by …

A. participated      B.  wrote     C. followed     D.  went     E. joined

39. Which is NOT true about Ronaldo?

A. He often ignored his homework for he wanted to train herself     B. His love to the game grows more and more      C. His deft skill attracts every one    D. His team got £ 12 million for his services      E. He has been so enthusiastic in playing football since he scored three goals for MU.

Text Nine

 To the manager of Taco Tacontento

I am writing to bring to your attention a serious issue I had in your establishment last week. I ordered a vegetarian bean burrito, and halfway through my meal, I bit into what turned out to be a chicken bone.

I am a vegetarian, and the presence of bone in my burrito was jarring. I showed the bone to the staff, who offered to make me a new burrito with the same beans the bone presumably came from. I did not want to risk eating any meat or finding another bone, so I asked for a taco salad instead.

I am a regular customer at your restaurant, and I have never had any problems with your food in the past. While I am relatively certain this was a fluke, I am still concerned about how the bone got into the beans. I would like to know how this might have happened.

I am also concerned about the lack of understanding I received from the staff member who helped me. I don’t know if she was working alone or merely misunderstood my request, but she refused to let me speak to her supervisor while I was in the restaurant. I felt she acted very unprofessionally.

I hope to hear back from you about this incident. I can be reached by phone at (555) 867-5309 at any time or by email at mhoss@mailclient.com.

Sincerely,

Marilyn Hoss

40. The text is about a letter of …

A. inquiry     B. order      C. complain      D. reservation    E. application

41. What was the writer mainly concerned about?

A. the cheated restaurant      B. non vegetarian taco    C. a wrong food     D. the small amount of taco salad    E. bone in burrito

42. Why was the writer disappointed to the staff member?

A. because she always works alone     B. because she didn’t get the writer’s explanation     C. because she refused to talk to the supervisor      D. because she felt incompetent     E. because the writer was concerned only about the food

43. How was the restaurant’s service?

A. dissatisfying     B. pleasing    C.  boring       D.  disgusting     E. upsetting

READING PRACTICES

BSE : 3.7/4.7/4/7.1

Chapter 7 :  Pamphlet and Banner with Impersonal It and Introductory There

Basic Competence

3.7  membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks khusus dalam bentuk brosur, leaflet, banner, dan pamflet, dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait promosi barang / jasa / kegiatan sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.

4.7 brosur, leaflet, banner, dan pamflet

4.7.1 menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktu rteks, dan unsur kebahasaan brosur, leaflet, banner, dan pamflet terkait promosi barang/jasa/kegiatan

4.7.2 menyusun teks khusus brosur, leaflet, banner, dan pamflet terkait promosi barang/jasa/kegiatan, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks.

Learning purpose

In this chapter, you will learn how to promote events, things or services. Surely, you will have to know the proper grammatical structure used to make the description meaningful.  Practicing how to compose it is needed to enhance your understanding on the social function and the text structure of that kind of promotion.

Learning process

 GENERAL INSTRUCTION : You must ensure that you understand the material step by step. At the end, there will be an evaluation to test your level of understanding on the material. When your level is above the passing score, you may continue to the next material. Before you ask for the evaluation, please ensure yourself that you have already mastered the whole material in this chapter.

BEFORE LEARNING 

Put the correct word on its explanation!

A. brochure   B. pamphlet    C. banner    D. leaflet

1. A small book or magazine containing pictures and information about a product or service. (Oxford Dictionary)
2. A long strip of cloth bearing a slogan or design, carried in a demonstration or procession or hung in a public place.  (Oxford Dictionary)

Then, find an example of one of them to the class! Let the teacher and your friend decide which yours belongs to.

Activity One

Read your brochure or friend’s, then retell it with your own words to show whether you can understand the content or not.  Let your teacher read and correct your writing!

To make you able to write well, you need to improve your knowledge on grammar. This time you are learning about Impersonal IT and Introductory There. Learn the patterns on the grammar book, then try doing the exercises below!

Activity Two

Here are lists of adjectives and verbs. Make as many sentences as possible with the combination of them by using the Impersonal IT constructions.

List of adjectives:

Good, great,  different, important, bad, right, sure, early, late, hard, strong, vital, sincere, possible, true, special, easy, clear, difficult,  wrong,  private, fine, common, natural, significant, simple, remarkable, nervous, perfect, silly, ridiculous, fortunate, shaking, adorable, adventurous, awesome, comfortable, delightful, graceful.

List of verbs

Have, do, go, get, make, know, take, see, give, tell, work, call, try, feel, become, leave, put, keep, let, begin, help, talk, start, show, play, live, hold, bring, write, provide, sit, stand, lose, meet, include, continue, set, learn, change, understand, watch, follow, stop, create, speak, read, allow, spend,  open,  walk, win, offer, remember, love, buy, wait, serve, build, stay, reach

Examples: It is bad to say dirty words.

It will be difficult to set a form of poetry to a music.

It was ridiculous for me to offer him a ride.

Activity Three

Make sentences by using Introductory There based on the sentences below!

1. Some scientists have found that our life is threatened by microplastic.
2. Various items are available on the online shops.
3. My students gave me brilliant ideas on having games in my lessons.
4. It is not difficult to find fake news on the internet.
5. We can read the tips for being healthy in these book series.
6. Here is the list of the professional technicians working in our company.
7. The terrible landslide swept three villages near the hill.
8. This luxurious restaurant sells the different vintages of the same wine.
9. Many birds are died due to the extremely hot temperature in this area.
10. I have sent the materials for the national exams to you.
11. The scenic pictures in this gallery attract many visitors to come.
12. You may borrow as many books as you want from this library.
13. Writing books doesn’t interest my students at all.
14. Some uncommon questions will be given during the interview.
15. Several new menus are being promoted in that restaurant.
16. I can taste some natural ingredients in this food.
17. Many beaches in Indonesia are astounding.
18. A lot of plastic waste overwhelms this river.
19. Many contestants don’t have enough knowledge on space.
20. This education corner provides much information about getting scholarships.

Activity Four

Now, you should try to make your own brochure. Make a group of four. You are free to choose any topic you want to promote.

To summarize what you have learnt, answer the questions below!

1. What is the function of brochure or pamphlet?
2. What is the function of banner?
3. How many patterns are found in the Impersonal It? What are they?
4. What does the Introductory There show?

 

1. SELF-REFLECTION ON THE MASTERY OF MATERIALS

No	Questions	Yes	No
1.	Can you differentiate the function of brochure or pamphlet from banner?
2.	Do you understand the grammatical structure of the Impersonal It?
3	Do you understand the grammatical structure of the Introductory There?
4.	Can you apply both structures in sentences?
5.	Can you make a brochure?

 

ENGLISH LITERATURE XI

BSE : 3.6/4.6/2/6.1    Subject: ENGLISH LITERATURE

 CHAPTER 6 : Too, Enough, Degrees of Comparison, and Impersonal IT

Basic Competence

3.6 menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait kecukupan untuk dapat / tidak dapat melakukan / menjadi sesuatu, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.  (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan too… to …, …enough to…)

4.6 menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait kecukupan untuk dapat / tidak dapat melakukan / menjadi sesuatu, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks

In this chapter, you will learn about Too, Enough, Degrees of Comparison and Impersonal IT. Surely, you will have to know the proper grammatical structure of them.  Practicing how to compose sentences by using those structures is needed to enhance your understanding on their social function and structure.

1. Learning process

GENERAL INSTRUCTION : You must ensure that you understand the material step by step. At the end, there will be an evaluation to test your level of understanding on the material. When your level is above the passing score, you may continue to the next material. Before you ask for the evaluation, please ensure yourself that you have already mastered the whole material in this chapter.

BEFORE LEARNING

READ THESE SENTENCES BELOW, THEN TELL WHAT EACH MEANS! 

1. It is wonderful to live in this beautiful country.
2. It is too far for us to reach the place on foot.
3. The second team is too strong to beat.
4. This book looks more readable for kids than that one.
5. It is warm enough to stay here.
6. We have enough information to write an essay.
7. Our house is the most comfortable place for us.
8. The two runners from Papua are running faster and faster.
9. Everyone can understand the written instructions better than the spoken ones.
10. It will be a brilliant idea to let the students create their own stories through pictures.

 Now, pay attention on the grammatical structure of each underlined sentence or phrase. Find their structure on your grammar book, then try doing the exercises below!

ACTIVITY ONE

Change the sentences below into the structure of Impersonal IT!

1. To remember evereything isn’t effective.
2. Understanding the main ideas when reading is important.
3. That many people ignore the cleanliness of their environment is annoying.
4. What you told them to do looks quite effective for stimulating their creativity.
5. Leaving a butt of the burning cigarrette in the forest is a big mistake.
6. Where we will stay doesn’t matter for us.
7. To go fishing with this unique spear looks easy.
8. How parents manage their time for their children has been a serious concern lately.
9. Surviving in the forest without any accompaniment is a great challenge.
10. That our president knows about some online games is surprising.
11. What happened on the coastal regions along the Sunda strait was a tragedy.
12. To have knowledge about nature is advantageous when exploring the nature.
13. That artificial intelligence controls our life is possible.
14. To pass through this area is dangerous.
15. That teenagers become so addictive to gadgets is threatening for our country’s future.

 ACTIVITY TWO

Arrange the jumbled words into a meaningful sentence with TOO or ENOUGH construction.

1. strange – It – see – is – enough – to – not – the – village – people – greeting – another – in – one – this.
2. It – be – side – you – too – hot – will – for – stand – on – that – to.
3. This – bind – rope – package – is – long – to – too – the.
4. time – for – is – The – long – the – enough – to – two – complete – studets – the – tasks.
5. proofs – The – enough – police – did – him – not – have – to – jail – send – to.
6. The – is – that – in – service – hotel – too – for – the – disappointing – stay – guests – to – longer – any.
7. puzzle – for – is – This – too – children – difficult – 15 – the – to – in – finish – minutes.
8. Enough – His – are – hilarious – jokes – people – to – the – old – entertain.
9. steep – The – the – cliff – is – too – even – for – climber – to – experienced – climb.
10. argument – enough – was – debate – Your – smart – win – to – this.

 ACTIVITY THREE

Use the correct form of adjective in the bracket to complete the sentences below! 

1. This route is … (possible) to pass through than the other one because it is … (wide).
2. Some new employees look as … (skillful) as the old ones.
3. Girls are usually … (brave) to express their feelings than the boys.
4. I think that child is … (curious) about this experiment. He looks so ignorant and just busy with his book.
5. I like this doll as it is … (cute) of all.
6. Are you sure that this is … (short) way?
7. Students, nowadays becomes … and … (impolite) to teachers.
8. Teachers, at present are … (respectable) than those in the past because they only teach not educate.
9. She doesn’t look as … (fine) as she was yesterday.
10. These people’s faith to God is as … (strong) as their faith to the nation.
11. The … (busy) we are, the … (little) physical exercises we have.
12. Noone is interested to invest in this company as it becomes … and … (profitable).
13. This little sea creature is … (poisonous) in the world. You won’t feel its bite but in some seconds, your nerves are destroyed.
14. The … (colourful) the snakes is, the … (venomous) it is.
15. Her performance was … (good) but she didn’t win. Why?
16. The weather gets … and … (harsh) these days.
17. The winner of the beauty contest is as … (elegant) as she is … (beautiful).
18. This device is … (expensive) than it is … (useful).
19. After joining the workshop, the employees become … (industrious) than before joining it.
20. The students are … and … (creative). They do their task merely for points.

 ACTIVITY FOUR

Degrees of Comparison is also used for sentences with adverb of manner.  Now, choose the correct answer whether it should be adjective or adverb of manner!

1. The policewoman is talking … (less persuasive; more persuasive;   persuasively;   more persuasively) than the policeman does.
2. The … (fastest; faster;   more fastly;   most fastly) you type, the … (least;   less;   little;  fewer) time you need to finish this report.
3. The scriptwriter pictures the adventures in the novel as … (imaginative; imaginatively;   imaginative than;  imaginatively as) the author did.
4. We have to explain … (more accurate; more accurately;   as accurately;  the most accurately) than we did yesterday. They still don’t get the process.
5. He told me that his girl friend became … (more and more possessive; more and more possessively;  the most possessive;  more possessively)
6. Desy presented the proposal … (most impressive; more impressively;  the most impressively;  more impressive) of all the candidates.
7. The … (more nervous; more nervously;  most nervous;  most nervously) you are, the …  (more possible;  more possibly;  most possibly;  most possible) you forget what you are going to talk.
8. Nowadays, teenagers become … (more and more emotional; more and more emotionally;  less ad less emotional;   less and less emotionally) because they aren’t used to meeting people personally.
9. Our new manager works … (most professionally; more proffesional;  the most professional;   the most professionally) of all managers we have ever had.
10. This time the students do their tasks … (less seriously; more seriously;  less serious;  more serious) because they have known the importance of them for their future.
11. The online news spreads … (more globally;  more global;   the most globally;  the most global) than it is from television stations.
12. This company needs … (more practical; more practically;  less practically;  less practical) experience in operating any kind of machine for it requires  someone who will test each machine.
13. He uttered a certain word … (more numerously; more numerous;  less numerously;  less numerous) than the other speaker did.
14. My brother arranges his stuff … (as neatly as; more neat than;  neater than;  as neat as) my father does.
15. Bambang’s clothes looks … (the most casually; the most casual; more casually;  as casual) of all boys in this garden party.

ACTIVITY FIVE

State whether each sentence below is correct or incorrect! If it is incorrect, make it right.

1. It is enough satisfying to get a delicious complimentary snack and drink after swimming in this hotel.
2. The most wealthy a person is, the more difficultly he gives to others.
3. It is too unfair for us to get such numerous tasks while they are just enjoying a leisure time.
4. Getting the tickets for their favorite movie is more than a just reward for the children who worked hard for getting the first place in this festival.
5. The tiger was attacking its prey more pierce than the bear did.
6. This disease is becoming more and more acutely, but there hasn’t been any proper cure yet.
7. The food stands are too compact for the sellers to sell their food to the buyers.
8. It will unpleasant staying here any longer due to the smell of the garbage.
9. Commonly, the more costly a hotel is, the better service and facilities it will give.
10. We have time enough to enjoy some culinary delights while waiting for our flight.
11. The critics criticize the government less and less mild as they see that the government is working hard for the people’s welfare.
12. This journey is very sore for him to finish as he has never walked such a long and wild route.
13. The less petty the matter is, the more ignorantly people will be toward it.
14. The screen of your computer is too bright for you to work on.
15. It was a fantastic experience to be a real princess for a day in that castle.
16. It seems comfort having lunch while looking at the fishes which are swimming to and fro.
17. The quietness of this situation is distracting enough for us to escape the notice.
18. She posed the most sexy of all the models that were being selected for beauty products.
19. He will refuse to get involved in this case for his life has been enough sour after being betrayed by the police’s decision.
20. This food is too fatty for the old people to digest. You should change the menu.

 ACTIVITY SIX

AFTER HAVING THE EXERCISES ABOVE, IT IS HOPED THAT YOU HAVE GOOD UNDERSTANDING OF THE MATERIALS. SO, NOW PRACTICE USING IT BY HAVING A DIALOGUE WITH YOUR FRIENDS OR TEACHER.

 

NOW, SUMMARIZE WHAT YOU HAVE UNDERSTOOD THROUGH THESE QUESTIONS BELOW!

1. Write the grammatical structures of Impersonal IT!
2. Write the grammatical structures of Too and Enough!
3. Write the grammatical structures of Degrees of Comparison in adjectives!
4. Write the grammatical structures of Degrees of Comparison in adverbs!

 

1. SELF-REFLECTION ON THE MASTERY OF MATERIALS

No	Questions	Yes	No
1.	Can you identify the grammatical structures of Impersonal IT?
2.	Can you identify the grammatical structures of Too and Enough!?
3.	Can you identify the present and future tenses in sentences?
4.	Can you identify the grammatical structures of Degrees of Comparison in adjectives?
5.	Can you identify the grammatical structures of Degrees of Comparison in adverbs?
6	Can you apply the learnt structures in dialogues?

 

ENGLISH LITERATURE XI

BSE : 3.6/4.6/4/6.1

Chapter 6 : Talking on the phone  about : event, offer,  promise, reservation, etc. with Modal Verbs and Modal Perfect

1. Identity

Subject: ENGLISH LITERATURE

SEMESTER : FOUR

Time allocation : 11 X 45 minutes

Basic Competence

3.6  menerapkan fungsisosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi melalui telepon terkait acara, tawaran, janji dan reservasi, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.

4.6  menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi melalui telepon terkait acara, tawaran, janji dan reservasi, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.

Learning purpose  

In this chapter, you will learn about how to have a phone call dealing to event, offer, promise, reservation, etc. Surely, you will have to know the proper grammatical structure used to make the whole dialogue meaningful.  Practicing how to compose those dialogues is needed to enhance your understanding on the social function and the text structure of those expressions.

1. Learning process

GENERAL INSTRUCTION : You must ensure that you understand the material step by step. At the end, there will be an evaluation to test your level of understanding on the material. When your level is above the passing score, you may continue to the next material. Before you ask for the evaluation, please ensure yourself that you have already mastered the whole material in this chapter.

BEFORE LEARNING

A request to someone to do something for us is a common thing people have in having an interaction, and promises and offers are too.  Now,  write a request, a promise and an offer you have ever made to your friends, parents or someone else.

You had better do some exercises below to learn some other expressions.

ACTIVITY ONE

 STATE WHAT EACH NUMBER EXPRESS!  IT IS BETTER FOR YOU TO READ THE GRAMMAR BOOK ON MODAL VERBS BEFORE DOING THIS EXERCISE.

 

1. Listen! Everyone has to win once in these games in order not to be eliminated.
2. Shall we have fun activities for these children?
3. I cannot activate this program right now for there is still a problem with the execution.
4. Sir, would you check the data we sent to you just now? We need your quick decision.
5. Can I help you dry these clothes? It’s going to rain.
6. We may get the front seat if we leave now. So, hurry up!
7. People could be more tolerant to something different around them some years ago.
8. We may not enter these two cages because this is a mating season for them.
9. Will you connect us to your boss? We have some important information.
10. Of course, I will finish editing the video as soon as possible.
11. Should I schedule your activities, Sir? You look so confused with all of these activities.
12. Every one may taste each dish. We are promoting some new menus.
13. We don’t have to stay here the whole afternoon. He allows us to go home earlier.
14. Some prisoners can still control the distribution of the drugs.
15. The landslides can still occur in some regions during this rainy season.
16. Can you plug the data into the computer? I’m still busy now.
17. Don’t worry, we will take care of the souvenirs. We know where to find them.
18. Shall I speak to your parents about this plan? Hopefully, they will agree to it.
19. Should we spend our holidays exploring the historical sites for our research?
20. You must revise your paper now or you’ll get zero.
21. He can’t show up in this gathering because he is still angry with me.
22. He might not tell anything about his personal life.
23. We mustn’t speak in Indonesian during the seminar to train our English.
24. Would you mind pouring some wine into this dough?
25. You can use my laptop. I have finished my task.
26. You shouldn’t fail your customers with these qualified services and products.
27. Would you like to verify what you said? Everyone becomes confused about your statement.
28. Would you like us to handle the hotel reservation and the transportation? This is one of our services.
29. You should read the instructions carefully before installing this device.
30. This company must be in financial distress after getting some losses for some months.

ACTIVITY TWO

AFTER CLASSIFYING THE SENTENCES INTO CERTAIN EXPRESSIONS, WRITE WHICH MODAL VERBS ARE USED FOR EACH EXPRESSION.  (One expression has been done for you.)

1. Suggestion : shall, should
2. …

 ACTIVITY THREE

MAKE YOUR OWN SENTENCE SHOWING EACH EXPRESSION YOU CAN FIND IN ACTIVITY TWO.

 ACTIVITY FOUR

CHOOSE FIVE EXPRESSIONS FROM ACTIVITY TWO TO BE MADE INTO FIVE DIFFERENT DIALOGUES! THE DIALOGUES ARE SET TO BE THE ONE SPOKEN ON THE PHONE.

Example : Ali : Hello, am I speaking to Ira?

Ira : Sure.

Ali : Sorry, that I didn’t answer your call some minutes ago because I left my phone in my bedroom. Is there something I can help?

Ira : Yes, I told my parents about our plan, but it seemed that they were still not sure about it. They need some time to consider it.

Ali : Shall I speak to your parents about this plan? Hopefully, they will agree to it.

Ira : That’s what I need because our time is limited and I need their consent.

Ali : Ok. I’m going to your house in an hour. Are your parents available now?

Ira : Yes, they are having lunch. Thank you so much for your help.

Ali   : Don’t mention it!

 

In the next two exercises, you will learn about the differences between Modal Verbs and Modal Perfect.

ACTIVITY FIVE

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER!

1. If you had shared the location, they (wouldn’t get / wouldn’t have got) lost yesterday.
2. He has been in London for three years. His English (must be / must have been) much better than mine.
3. How stupid I was! I (should back up / should have backed up) my data before I re-installing my computer.
4. We need not to be worried because the packages (will arrive / will have arrived) by Wednesday. We still have three days to unpack them and arrange all the items.
5. The fishermen (could get / could have gotten) a lot of fish from this lake before the coal mining was built near it.
6. Some prisoners look happy. They (may have / may have had) a phone call to  someone they miss for some minutes.
7. The big question is where the father was. He (could save/ could have saved) his family from the terrible murder as he was one of the best soldiers.
8. Everyone has a deep pity for the old woman’s arrest. She (may not know/ may not have known) that her bag contained drugs as there are bags having the same models as hers.
9. The visitors (may take /may have taken) some pictures on the most wonderful spot if the way to go there hadn’t been damaged.
10. We (should be / should have been) technologically literate if we don’t want to fall behind other countries’ fast development.
11. You (must be / must have been) quite disappointed yesterday. You had prepared everything but your guests cancelled the meeting.
12. A traveler (must have / must have had) a complete map with him during his traveling.
13. The skillful workers (must get/ must have gotten) more chances to be accepted in many kinds of job than the unskillful ones.
14. Our boss (can’t have/ can’t have had) the good reason to postpone the meeting as we have given to him all of the reports he needs to be discussed.
15. Some detained mayors (can’t have / can’t have had attention) on people’s welfare for they corrupted the people’s money for their own needs.

 ACTIVITY SIX

WRITE THE MEANING OR THE FACT OF EACH UNDERLINED SENTENCE!

1. If some young people hadn’t protected Soekarno and friends, he couldn’t have proclaimed the independence for Indonesia.
2. Some foreigner botanists may have bred these rare plants in this garden years ago.
3. There have been many teenagers getting deep stressed due to the mobile phone. Parents should not have given the phone when they were still kids.
4. I just wonder how it happened. He could have saved himself.
5. The students can’t have been able to finish their writing as the time was only 25 minutes for 500 words.
6. All of the climbers must have prepared everything including their stamina before mounting the highest mountain in the world.
7. We wouldn’t have left him alone if we had known that he was afraid of the dark.
8. If the waves hadn’t been too high, we may have gone surfing.
9. This village has been empty since the virus attacked its people. They may not have known what attacked them.
10. Every Mayor will have reported their wealth by the end of this month.
11. Some miners can’t have thought about the risk of digging the land for tens of meters.
12. The young terrorists must have got the wrong concept of an ideology when they were still kids.
13. Some greatest inventors may not have thought the impact of their invention to the world.
14. We should have checked the suitcase before buying it. Now, we regret it.
15. If we had reserved the hotel a month earlier, we would have got the one that was near the event.

 ACTIVITY SEVEN

CHOOSE THE PROPER SENTENCE TO COMPLETE EACH DIALOGUE!

For the first dialogue  :

a. That’s correct. Can you buy me the VIP ticket?    b. Are still doing your hobby?    c. I will see you if the time is convenient.   d. I have to meet my lecturer for my exam.

 Rojer :     Hello, this is Rojer speaking.

Yoan      :     Hi, Rojer, still remember me?  It’s Yoan, your classmate when we were eight graders.

Rojer     :     Ahh… I see. You were the naughtiest girl. How is the life with you? (1) __________

Yoan      :     I’m pretty fine. Sure, that’s why I call you. I hear that there is going to be a carnival in your town, the international one.

Rojer     :     Yep … will you come to see it?

Yoan      :     (2) ___________

Rojer     :     Sure, I will. How many tickets do you need?

Yoan      :     Four, but wait… will you accompany me to see it?

Rojer     :     Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t.  (3) ________________

Yoan      :     That’s ok. Will you send me a message when you get the tickets? I’ll transfer the money.

Rojer     :     Don’t worry!

Yoan      :     Thanks, Rojer for your help.  (4) _______________

Rojer : It’s my pleasure.

 For the second dialogue:  

e.  You may not go anywhere, just stay near him.   f. I can’t accept your call now.   g.  could you listen for a while?

Finna :     Hello …. Dion..

Dion       :     Sorry, Finna  (5) __________ as I am having a meeting.

Finna     :     Please, (6) __________This is about our father. He got a heart attack. I am in the hospital now.

Dion       :     What? I am off straight away.  Whom are you with now?

Finna     :     No one.

Dion       :     I am arriving in fifteen minutes. (7) ____________

Finna     :     Alright, but have a careful driving. I’m taking care of him.

For the third dialogue:

h.  Would you mind spelling your name?    i. Can I also book a restaurant for one night on Sunday?    j. Can you connect me to Mr. Indiana?     k. May I know your name, Sir?    l. Are they facing the beach?

Erain :     Hello, good morning! This is Irama Hotel. Can I help you?

Mr. Fat :     Yes, I want to reserve three rooms for this Sunday.

Erain      :     (8) _______________

Mr. Fat :     I am Fattali Wiryono.

Erain      :     I beg your pardon. (9) _______________

Mr. Fat :     F-A-T-T-A-L-I   W-I-R-Y-O-N-O

Erain      :     Thank you, and your address, please?

Mr. Fat :     Brawijaya street number 123 Malang.

Erain      :     Thank you. We have three kinds of room, the standard, deluxe and suite. Which do you prefer, Sir?

Mr. Fat :     Two suites and one deluxe. (10) ____________

Erain      :     Yes, Sir! For the suites, we have a private swimming pool near the beach. How long will you stay?

Mr. Fat :     We plan to have three days. (11) ________________

Erain      :     I’m sorry. I’m afraid that you cannot use it because someone else has booked it on the same day.

Mr. Fat :     (12)____________ I want to talk to him.

Erain      :     Oh …sure.

 ACTIVITY EIGHT

TO PRACTICE YOUR UNDERSTANDING ON SOME EXPRESSIONS ABOVE, HAVE A PHONE CALL TO YOUR TEACHER BY USING THOSE EXPRESSIONS.

 Let’s summarize what we have learnt!

1. How is the structure of a sentence with Modal Verb?
2. How is the structure of a sentence with Modal Perfect?
3. What is the different social function between Modal Verb and Modal Perfect?
4. Mention some expressions which use Modal Verbs!
5. Mention some expressions which use Modal Perfect!

 

1. SELF-REFLECTION ON THE MASTERY OF MATERIALS

No	Questions	Yes	No
1.	Can you differentiate the sentence structure of Modal Verb from that of Modal Perfect?
2.	Can you differentiate the social function of Modal Verb from that of Modal Perfect?
3.	Can you mention some expressions which use Modal Verbs and apply them in daily conversation?
4.	Can you mention some expressions which use Modal Perfect and apply them in daily conversation?

 

ENGLISH LITERATURE XI 

CHAPTER SIX

Task One

The basic use of the adjectives and adverbs

State whether the sentence is correct or incorrect!

1. What you are planning will be possibly done if everyone has the same spirit.
2. We found the victims badly injury.
3. The children are making the wall colorfully.
4. The water in this river flows rapid.
5. His hair is extreme long, she won the world record for the longest hair.
6. I will highly recommend you to this position as you have experienced it for 5 years.
7. The magnificently displayed historically objects attract young people to visit the museum.
8. The slow moving pictures are easily recorded by my old camera.
9. The manager responded his staff’s protest so calmly that they finally realized their mistake.
10. He is nervously because it’s the first time for him to express his feelings to a woman.
11. The quick movement in karate is difficult to learn.
12. As he is a sweet guy, everyone feels comfortable to be with him.
13. The carefully done task will be scored higher.
14. His wealth has been dramatically decreasing since his son died.
15. They will automatically defend themselves as they are afraid of being punished.

Task Two

Adjectives after linking verbs

Choose  the correct sentence below!

1. What you cook tastes deliciously.
2. My sons become more and more dependent.
3. Those high school students look competently in presenting their job.
4. The people grow more and more creatively in innovating on line shopping.
5. The more magically the creation of the monsters is, the more awesome the movie will be.
6. Hunting traditional food sounds interesting.
7. It seems hard for the students to learn what they dislike.
8. Your bruise turns bluish.
9. Does the jacket appear suitably on me?
10. The audience went crazily when their idol came into the stage and went into the crowd.
11. It becomes rarely to find the honest and credible leader nowadays.
12. The visitors feel comfortable in this resort as it is far from the crowded city.
13. It smells fishy around the place where fishermen sell their fish.
14. I sounds wonderfully having adventurous journey with friends.
15. The tire went flat when we were hurrying to catch up our friends who had been far ahead.

Task Three

Noun + -ly as adjective

Choose the correct sentence!

1. The heavenly creatures are usually depicted as babies with wings.
2. His classmates seem so friend that he feels comfortable in new class.
3. Despite his alone life, he doesn’t want to re-marry because of his deep love to his dead wife.
4. Everyone leaves for school or work earlier every Monday.
5. The international flower carnival is held yearly in Tomohon, Sulawesi.
6. I have subscribed this monthly magazine for almost 15 years.
7. The violence done by children will be like to happen if they lack of parents’ love
8. The dancing water show in Hongkong so love that a lot of people around the world are attracted to see it.
9. The nightly movie is usually for adults.
10. If this pearl weren’t too costly, I would buy it.
11. The natives kindly invite the strangers or visitors to their home without any prejudice.
12. Boys should be taught how to solve their problem manly.
13. The easterly sunshine warms my house every morning.
14. The honestly persons are now considered stupid by people because they won’t get rich.
15. Mr. and Mrs. Anton had had a happily marriage for two years before their plane crashed a mountain.

Task Four

Articles (a, an, the)

Find the incorrect article in every sentence!

1. I prefer to stay in the hotel when traveling.
2. What the silly argument! He shouldn’t give the reason that can weaken his previous statement.
3. As a popular actress, she has a lots of activities.
4. Would you like to have the glass of water or the cup of tea?
5. Please, give me the morning paper! I can’t find a news I need in this paper.
6. We had a light breakfast this morning, so we need the complete lunch this afternoon.
7. People have destroyed an Earth.  They don’t realize that things made of the plastic are dangerous.
8. There is a story about the baby that was raised by wolves. A baby was grown up into a strong man but behaved as the wolves do.
9. A trees in a botanical garden are rarely found in other places. Even we can find a tree that has been hundred years of age.
10. This is the most wonderful spot I have ever visited and this is a first time for me to enjoy the fresh air after having been sick for some weeks.
11. Ariel has been in a prison for almost a year. His relatives and friends often go to a prison to visit him.
12. Please, don’t go the home late because we want to have a dinner with the They will come at 17.00.
13. He has been here for a As a university student, he has to complete a research on the people’s behavior.
14. Many street children are long for a sweet home where they can go a home everyday and meet the persons whom they love and who love them.
15. I have no a courage to express my feelings. I have lost a courage since he left me.

Task Five

Other Modifiers

 Correct the modifiers below!

1. The twins are different. One is tall and two is shorter.
2. Would you like any water?
3. We have an order of making 100 cakes so we need little flour and eggs.
4. If you have any information, please tell me instantly.
5. Some stand in this place sells the same things.
6. All word which the president utters influences people’s mind.
7. I find much difficult words in the text, but I still I can understand the content.
8. Chapter third is different from the first and the second.
9. The students must be advised to respect each other.
10. Will you show me another models, please! (in a boutique)
11. I choose these one! Its color is wonderful.
12. Look at that birds! They are flying to the south.
13. Sorry, I can’t help you! I have few work to do now!
14. Only can a few amount of pepper make the soup hotter.
15. He is lazy. He rarely finishes much jobs he gets.

Task Six

Prepositions

Correct the prepositions below!

1. The young marriage often involves women who are still in sixteen.
2. Please, prepare yourselves! Everyone will have been here on 9:00.
3. These workers have been repairing the bridge for Monday.
4. Some diligent students always submit their task at the time.
5. At the beginning, we had only two workers. Now, there are more than a thousand workers.
6. Some men in strange suits came to the building five minutes ago.
7. I saw him at the conference room with his lecture discussing something seriously.
8. He has moved the boxes on the higher shelves, so you can put your stuff in the lower shelves.
9. Though our ability is under theirs, we should not be pessimistic.
10. I am familiar to the person sitting with the headmaster.
11. I found this wonderful book while I was recollecting the old books.
12. The complete souvenir shop at this city is at 22c Trunojoyo street.
13. Novels from Stephen King are always bestseller. I like reading them.
14. There is a unique statue on this souvenir stall. I want to buy it.
15. My friend who is getting obese is in a strictly diet to control her weight.

Task Seven

Preposition with certain adjectives, and participles

Correct the prepositions below!

1. Was she aware on your being there?
2. Many young people get involved to gaining support for their favorite governor.
3. We were quite shocked with what they did to us.
4. Owing by the new policy, we won’t be able to be creative anymore.
5. Is every one ready about the challenging games?
6. The success of our plan absolutely depends of whether we can work together as a team or not.
7. The workers having a strike are begging from the increasing salary.
8. You shouldn’t complain on everything that you get for you are given perfect body.
9. The orphans here are taken care by so well that they forget their miserable past life.
10. Most teenagers are keen at uploading their photos.
11. The manager is upset to the result of his staff’s work as they didn’t work maximally.
12. If you don’t change the material for the training, every one will object in doing it.
13. Every one was shouting toward one another so angrily that we needed the police the handle it.
14. The director isn’t available now because he is having a meeting by his staff.
15. We should write toward the publisher to ask about the next edition.

Task Eight

Phrasal Verb

Correct the prepositions below!

1. What we have decided calls at immediate approval so that we can finish it on time.
2. Even though there are many people objection to the government’s decision on racing the fuel price, the plan is still going to be carried by.
3. Our country falls before with others in technology. Public services are still done manually.
4. The psychiatrist is helping her get on her trauma after being raped.
5. People are getting at to the continuous natural disasters due to their ignorance to their environment.
6. You must prepare the correct answer because the chief may touch at the mistake that you made yesterday.
7. Our boss seldom look for the student’s problem well, so the treatment is often improper.
8. What a wonderful meeting! I came by my old friends in a wedding party.
9. Have you checked all the expenses? When it is done, add them in.
10. I don’t understand why he called out the activity without telling us. We have prepared for it.
11. I have looked after this topic in some books, but I still cannot find the complete information on it.
12. Finally, he is able to figure on what have worried him so long.
13. As the chipmunks hadn’t cleaned out the mess they made before Dave arrived home, they were grounded.
14. She is trying out some wedding gowns.
15. You haven’t filled up the last form, have you?

 

Back to Exercises for TOEFL preparation 

 

TEXT OF NEWS ITEM

 Text One

Communicative Purpose:

to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

 

It is back-to-school time in the United States, which for many is bittersweet. The bitter part is for saying goodbye to carefree, unscheduled summer days. The sweet part is saying hello to a new school year and school friends.

This exciting time is filled with smells of new books, paper and pencils. Children might dress in a new set of clothes and wear new shoes. And of course there are the first-day-of-school pictures that parents share with family and friends.

However, going back to school can also be a stressful time for children and families. Everyone must make the transition from easy summer life to routines, schedules and homework.

Families might also feel stress about spending extra money for a new school year. Parents often need to pay school fees or to buy new school clothes, sports equipment, musical instruments and school supplies. When parents are stressed, children feel the tension.

Back-to-school stress is different for different ages. Younger children may feel scared to leave their families. Making new friends and dealing with bullying can also cause stress for students. Older students may stress about their appearances, grades and getting into college.

With teenagers in the United States, stress is a serious and growing problem. A 2013 survey by the American Psychological Association found that teens in the U.S. are now as stressed as adults.

The APA survey says teenagers are most stressed about:

• school (83%)
• getting into a good college or deciding what to do after high school (69%)
• and financial concerns for their family (65%)

Danielle Lanteri is 14 years old. This year she started a high school that is new to her. It is a private Catholic school that she attends on a scholarship. The demands of the scholarship keep her very busy … and stressed.

“What stresses me out most at this point in my life will have to be the amount of work I get from my teachers and the expectations that I am supposed to have. With the scholarship for high school, I’m expected to be on a sport, participate in clubs, get an above 100 average in all my classes. And I feel that it’s a little impossible. Very few people end up keeping this scholarship because it’s just too hard to do everything.”

However, parents, teachers and children can all help to make the transition back to school easier.

Lori Bambina has been a teacher for 22 years. She currently teaches first grade in Brooklyn, New York at Public School 229. Her students are 5- and 6-years-old.

Routines and knowing what to expect, or predictability, help to reduce stress in children, says Ms. Bambina. So, she focuses on the class routine during the start of the new school year.

“Well, for the students, I have my classroom set up with a very clear system. So, I will introduce the system. Then I will revisit the system because at this young age they enjoy structure and predictability. And that routine is very comforting and will not cause them stress if they know exactly where things are located and what type of behavior is expected of them. So, that really reduces the stress and the anxiety because they have their own comfort level now.”

Whether you are in 1^st grade or 10^th grade, knowing the teachers and what they expect is a good way to reduce stress.

At her new high school, Danielle did not know her teachers. She did not know the best way to build relationships with them. Also, the teachers did not know her learning style.

All these unknowns caused Danielle a lot of stress.

“It was the not knowing the teachers. They didn’t know me; so they don’t know how I work. So, that stressed me out. I didn’t know what type of relationship I should have with my teacher. And to cut down the stress, I will email my teachers if I have a problem and try to, like, get to know them better.”

Knowing what a teacher wants in the classroom is a good way to cut down on stress.

But there are things you can do in the home, too.

Mary Anne Aidala began teaching in the New York school system in 1962. She retired 39 years later, in 2001. She is an award-winning teacher and is also the mother of Lori Bambina, the teacher we heard from earlier.

Ms. Aidala advises parents to focus on the basics – get enough sleep, eat healthy foods, and turn off electronics before bedtime.

“Well, the first thing they (parents) have to do is to get them (children) on a schedule of sleep habits. And they should also make sure they have a good breakfast to keep their brains alert. And maybe before they go to sleep every night they should start to read them a story or do something educational; so, they can start to reactivate their brains into using them.”

The American Psychological Association makes the same suggestions on its website. They add that getting organized is also very important – for parents, children and teachers. For example, parents should keep their wallets and car keys in the same place. This way they do not have to look for them during a busy morning.

(Taken from http://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/dealing-with-back-to-school-stress-part-1)

According to the above information, which statements below are correct!

1. The scheduled summer days are gone when the children are back to school.
2. Getting the new school stuff causes the feelings of enthusiasm in the freshman.
3. Pictures of children are usually shared among relatives and friends during the school days.
4. Schools are off during summer.
5. Parents’ expense during the first days of school is less than during the school days.
6. Being a freshman often becomes stressful though some of them can cope it.
7. Getting a job is more stressful than going to school at the first days.
8. Having good knowledge on the school system may reduce the stress as predictability ensures what to be done.
9. The good teacher always suggest that children should sleep more and abandon gadgets.
10. The importance of having breakfast is to keep the brain and thing clearly.

 VOCABULARY

CHOOSE THE CORRECT SYNONYM OF EACH UNDERLINED WORD BELOW BASED ON THE TEXT!

1. Exciting (stimulating,  sensational)
2. Share                                           (allot, divide)
3. Routine                       (custom,  habit)
4. Appearance                       (look, emergence)
5. Private                       (privilege,  personal)
6. Participate                       (enjoy.  Take part in)
7. Transition                       (switch,  change)
8. Structure                       (construction,  constitution)
9. Anxiety                       (nervousness,  concern)
10. Comfort                       (relaxation,  relief)
11. cut down     (bring down,  reduce)
12. retired        (be pensioned off,  withdraw)
13. alert            (watchful,  ready)

 

Text Two

GENEVA —

A World Food Program review of the global hunger situation in 2016 finds conflict emergencies in the Middle East, Africa and elsewhere are hampering United Nations efforts to achieve zero hunger by the year 2030.

In its review 2016: A Year in Fighting Hunger, the World Food Program reports that 795 million people in the world went hungry last year. The organization’s spokeswoman Bettina Luescher tells VOA the Sustainable Development Goal to eliminate hunger by 2030 does not, for now, appear realistic.

“As you know, the world is a mess,” she said. “We have more emergencies than ever. We have more refugees than ever and we are struggling on all fronts to help the people be able to feed themselves.”

Last year, WFP assisted more than 82 million people with food or cash. While that is a lot, Luescher agrees it is far from enough. She says escalating conflicts are making the work of aid agencies much harder.

She says countries that had been making progress in development have gone backwards because of conflict. She points to South Sudan as an example of a country, which on the eve of independence appeared poised to prosper after decades of civil war.

“And look what happened,” she said. “They went back to fighting and for the first time in six years, this year, we saw in some areas of South Sudan, a famine again. And, that is just unbelievable in this time in our new century. It is just unbelievable. So, the conflicts have to stop.”

Luescher says it takes money to fight hunger. Unfortunately, she says international support is waning at a time of burgeoning emergencies. She says WFP urgently needs one $1 billion to fight four looming famines in Yemen, Somalia, South Sudan and in northeast Nigeria.

She says it will be extremely difficult to save people dying from hunger without help from international donors.

(taken from : https://www.voanews.com/a/conflit-emergencies-world-hunger/3919350.html)

Choose the correct answer!

1. United Nation has a plan to …  (A. try finishing the conflict emergencies in some places;   B.  review the global hunger situation in 2016;    C. make the people in the world free from hunger in 2030;   D. refuse the realistic facts of eliminating the hunger)

2. Bettina Luescher is … (A.  the planner of the World Food Program;   B. one of the person working for the World Food Program ;   C.the person who will eliminate hunger by 2030;   D. the person who refuses the realistic facts of eliminating the hunger)

3. “The world is in a mess.” This sentence relates to these situations below, except …  (A. There are too many people being hungry.  ;   B. The number of the refugee is increasing. ;  C. There are conflicts emergencies in some countries.;    D. The people are struggling for helping themselves to feed.)

4. The escalating conflicts affect these followings, except … (A.  the work of aid agencies;  B.    the country’s independence;   C.  the country’s prosperity D.    The number of social agencies)

5. The efforts of feeding people is about to cease because …  (A.  the help from international donors decreases.;   B.  the agencies cannot provide cash for them.;    C.  the people go on their fighting.;   D. There are too many people to feed.)

 VOCABULARY

FILL IN THE BLANK WITH WORDS TAKEN FROM THE TEXT! (THEY HAVE BEEN UNDERLINED)

1. Although the government has a great effort in coping the rice shortage by opening more rice field, it is still … for them to import it to keep the national supplies.
2. Poor countries have been … millions to decrease the hunger during the winter.
3. Starvation has become the … problem since many productive countries converted the field for housing.
4. It is not easy for developing countries to be … economically for their technology is still left behind.
5. The unstable political situation … a nation to develop well.
6. What many countries are fighting now is … which has caused many people in poor countries died due to the lack of food.
7. The government from the poor countries are … forced to stop corruptions and conflicts hindering their development.
8. The destroyed land by the war takes … to be revitalized.
9. The famine problem … in many countries due to the change of the seasonal plantation.
10. The problem on the children’s growth has … recently because of the malnutrition.

READING PRACTICES